Which of the following is the most effective strategy for reducing hypertension in a community?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most effective strategy for reducing hypertension in a community is promoting a diet low in sodium. High sodium intake is directly linked to high blood pressure. By reducing sodium intake, blood pressure can be better controlled. Regular exercise (choice A) is important for overall health but may not have as direct an impact on blood pressure as diet. Providing free blood pressure screenings (choice B) is helpful for early detection but does not address the root cause. Advocating for policies to reduce air pollution (choice D) is important for overall health but may not have as direct an impact on hypertension as reducing sodium intake.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Tertiary prevention focuses on managing and improving the health of individuals already affected by a disease or condition. Providing rehabilitation services for individuals with heart disease falls under tertiary prevention as it aims to help manage the condition and prevent complications. A: Promoting regular exercise to prevent obesity is an example of primary prevention, aiming to prevent the development of obesity. B: Screening for early signs of diabetes is an example of secondary prevention, focusing on early detection and treatment to prevent the progression of the disease. D: Offering vaccination clinics to prevent disease outbreaks is an example of primary prevention, aiming to prevent the occurrence of diseases through immunization.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because offering free HIV testing and counseling is a secondary prevention strategy that aims to detect HIV early in individuals who may be at risk, provide them with necessary support and information to prevent further transmission, and link them to appropriate care and treatment. This helps in identifying and addressing HIV infections in the early stages, reducing the risk of transmission to others. A: Providing education on safe sex practices is a primary prevention strategy focused on promoting awareness and behaviors to prevent HIV infection in the first place. C: Advocating for HIV prevention policies is a tertiary prevention strategy that involves implementing broader societal measures to prevent the spread of HIV. D: Providing clean needles to individuals who inject drugs is a harm reduction strategy aimed at reducing the risk of bloodborne infections like HIV among this specific population but does not directly address preventing the spread of HIV in a broader context.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because organizing a community-wide health fair aligns with the principles of community-based health promotion. This intervention targets the entire community, raises awareness, and encourages participation in health-promoting activities. It focuses on prevention and empowerment at a population level. A: Providing individual counseling in a clinic setting is more focused on individual-level care rather than community-wide intervention. C: Conducting a health needs assessment for a specific patient population is important but doesn't directly involve a community-wide approach. D: Providing health education in a hospital setting to individuals with specific conditions is beneficial but lacks the community-wide aspect of a comprehensive health promotion intervention.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because screening for early signs of depression and anxiety is a secondary prevention strategy aiming to detect mental health issues at an early stage to prevent their progression. It focuses on identifying individuals who may be at risk and intervening before the problem worsens. Offering counseling services (A) is a tertiary prevention strategy for those already diagnosed. Providing stress management education (B) is a primary prevention strategy to prevent mental health issues from developing. Promoting mental health awareness campaigns (C) is also a primary prevention strategy to promote mental well-being in the community but does not specifically target early detection of mental health issues.