Which of the following is the most common site for fertilization of the egg?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the Fallopian tube. Fertilization typically occurs in the ampulla of the Fallopian tube, where the egg and sperm meet. This site provides the ideal environment for fertilization due to the presence of cilia that help move the egg and sperm towards each other. Additionally, the Fallopian tube provides nourishment and support for the developing embryo before it travels to the uterus for implantation. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The ovary is the site where eggs are produced but not where fertilization occurs. B: The cervix is the lower part of the uterus and serves as a passageway for sperm to enter the uterus but not the site of fertilization. D: The uterus is where the fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus, but fertilization itself does not occur in the uterus.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Estrogen. Estrogen is responsible for the growth and development of mammary glands in females during puberty and pregnancy. It stimulates the proliferation of glandular tissue, leading to the enlargement and maturation of the mammary glands. Prolactin (choice A) stimulates milk production, oxytocin (choice B) triggers milk ejection, and progesterone (choice D) prepares the breast tissue for lactation but does not directly cause growth and development of mammary glands.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Epididymis. The epididymis is a coiled tube located on the back of each testicle, where sperm are stored and matured after they are produced in the testes. It allows for sperm to gain motility and fertilizing capabilities. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The prostate gland secretes fluid that nourishes and protects sperm but does not store them. B: The vas deferens is a duct that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra but does not store them. C: Seminal vesicles produce seminal fluid that nourishes sperm but do not store them.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Estrogen is the correct answer because it is the primary hormone responsible for the development of the female reproductive system during puberty. Estrogen triggers the development of secondary sexual characteristics, regulates the menstrual cycle, and promotes the growth of the uterus and breasts. Testosterone is the male sex hormone and is not responsible for female reproductive system development. Progesterone's main role is in preparing the uterus for pregnancy and maintaining pregnancy, not in the initial development of the female reproductive system. FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) plays a role in regulating the menstrual cycle and stimulating the ovaries, but it is not the primary hormone responsible for the development of the female reproductive system during puberty.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Progesterone. Progesterone helps maintain pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation. It prepares the uterus for implantation and supports the growth of the embryo. Estrogen (A) is important for the menstrual cycle but does not specifically prevent ovulation. Testosterone (C) plays a role in male characteristics and fertility but is not directly involved in maintaining pregnancy. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) (D) is produced during pregnancy but does not prevent ovulation; it helps in sustaining the pregnancy by supporting the corpus luteum to produce progesterone.