Which of the following is the most common method of oxygen administration for preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the care of preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome, the most common method of oxygen administration is nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). CPAP helps keep the airways open and improves oxygenation without the need for invasive intubation or mechanical ventilation. It is effective in supporting the neonate's breathing efforts while minimizing the risks associated with more invasive interventions. Option A, the oxygen hood, is not typically used in this population as it does not provide the same level of respiratory support as CPAP. Endotracheal intubation (Option C) and mechanical ventilation (Option D) are more invasive measures that are reserved for cases where CPAP is insufficient in maintaining adequate oxygenation and ventilation. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate oxygen administration methods for neonates with respiratory distress syndrome is crucial for nursing students to provide safe and effective care. Knowledge of the indications, benefits, and potential complications of each method allows nurses to make informed clinical decisions and optimize outcomes for their pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Insulin overproduction. In neonates born to diabetic mothers, they are exposed to high levels of glucose in the womb due to maternal diabetes. As a result, the baby's pancreas produces excess insulin to manage the high glucose levels. After birth, when the umbilical cord is cut, the baby is suddenly separated from the maternal glucose supply, but the insulin production continues at a high rate. This leads to hypoglycemia in the newborn as there is excessive insulin and not enough glucose in the bloodstream. Option B) Prematurity is incorrect because while prematurity can increase the risk of hypoglycemia in newborns, it is not the most common cause in neonates born to diabetic mothers. Option C) Delayed feeding is incorrect as a cause of hypoglycemia in neonates born to diabetic mothers. While delayed feeding can contribute to low blood sugar levels, it is not the primary cause in this specific population. Option D) Infection is also incorrect in this context. While infections can lead to hypoglycemia in newborns, it is not the most common cause in neonates born to diabetic mothers. Educationally, understanding the pathophysiology of neonatal hypoglycemia in infants born to diabetic mothers is crucial for nurses caring for these newborns. Recognizing the unique risk factors and causes of hypoglycemia in this population can help nurses provide appropriate monitoring, interventions, and education to prevent and manage hypoglycemia effectively. It also highlights the importance of early identification and management of hypoglycemia in these newborns to prevent complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) The child is acting out personal experiences. In pediatric nursing, it is crucial for healthcare providers to recognize signs and symptoms that may indicate underlying issues such as abuse or trauma. When a 3-year-old engages in explicit sexual behavior during doll play, it can be a red flag for potential abuse or exposure to inappropriate behaviors. Children often use play as a way to process their experiences, and engaging in such behavior may indicate that the child has been exposed to sexual content beyond their developmental level. Option A) The child is exhibiting normal pre-school curiosity is incorrect because while children do exhibit curiosity, explicit sexual behavior at a young age is not considered within the realm of typical curiosity for preschoolers. Option C) The child does not know how to play with dolls is incorrect as it does not address the concerning nature of the behavior being displayed by the child. Option D) The child is probably developmentally delayed is incorrect as engaging in explicit sexual behavior during play is not typically associated with developmental delay, but rather may indicate exposure to inappropriate experiences. In an educational context, understanding the significance of children's play behavior can help healthcare providers identify potential issues and intervene appropriately to ensure the safety and well-being of the child. It is essential for nurses caring for pediatric patients to be vigilant in assessing for signs of abuse or trauma, as early identification and intervention are crucial in protecting the child from further harm.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Measures to reduce fever. Understanding the measures to reduce fever post administration of a diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis injection is crucial for home care. Fever is a common side effect of vaccinations and knowing how to manage it is essential for the child's comfort and to prevent complications. The mother's understanding of this indicates proper education on post-vaccination care. Option B) Need for dietary restrictions is incorrect because there are typically no dietary restrictions associated with this vaccination. Option C) Reasons for subsequent rash is incorrect as a rash is not a common side effect of the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine. Option D) Measures to control subsequent diarrhea is also incorrect because diarrhea is not a common side effect of this vaccine. In an educational context, it is important for nurses to ensure that parents and caregivers understand post-vaccination care instructions to promote the child's well-being. Teaching about common side effects, their management, and when to seek medical help is integral to empowering families to care for their children effectively post-vaccination.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding age-appropriate toys is essential for promoting optimal development. For an 8-month-old infant, the most suitable toy would be large blocks (Option C). This choice is correct because at 8 months, infants are developing their fine motor skills, hand-eye coordination, and spatial awareness. Large blocks provide opportunities for grasping, stacking, and exploring, which align with the developmental milestones of an 8-month-old. Push-pull toys (Option A) are more appropriate for toddlers who are learning to walk and engage in more physical play. A rattle (Option B) is better suited for younger infants around 3-6 months who are still developing their auditory senses and grasping reflex. A mobile (Option D) is suitable for newborns who benefit from visual stimulation but may not be engaging enough for an 8-month-old who is more active and exploratory. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of knowing developmental stages and how they influence toy selection in pediatric nursing practice. It emphasizes the nurse's role in educating parents about age-appropriate toys that support their child's growth and development. Understanding these concepts helps nurses provide holistic care that promotes not only physical health but also cognitive and psychosocial development in infants.