Which of the following is the most common intraocular tumor in young children?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C) Retinoblastoma. Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor in young children, typically diagnosed before the age of 5. This tumor arises from the retina and can lead to vision loss or even loss of the eye if not treated promptly. Understanding this common tumor is crucial for nurses working in pediatric settings to recognize early signs and symptoms, such as leukocoria (white pupil reflex) or strabismus (lazy eye), which can aid in early detection and treatment. Option A) Neuroblastoma is a tumor that typically arises in the adrenal glands or nerve tissue. While neuroblastoma is common in young children, it is not an intraocular tumor. Option B) Wilms tumor is a kidney tumor commonly found in children, but it does not present in the eye. Option D) Leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, not an intraocular tumor. Leukemia may present with ocular manifestations, but it is not the most common intraocular tumor in young children. In the context of health promotion and nursing care, understanding the most common tumors in pediatric patients is essential for early identification, intervention, and support for both the child and their family. Nurses play a vital role in health promotion by educating parents about signs and symptoms to watch for, facilitating timely referrals to ophthalmologists for further evaluation, and providing emotional support throughout the diagnostic and treatment process.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and health promotion, understanding the prevalence of eating disorders among adolescent females is crucial for nurses to provide holistic care. The correct answer, B) 10%, is supported by epidemiological data indicating that approximately 10% of adolescent females in the United States experience some form of eating disorder during their teenage years. This statistic underscores the importance of early detection and intervention by healthcare professionals. Option A) 5% is too low and underestimates the prevalence of eating disorders among adolescent females. Option C) 15% and Option D) 20% are both higher than the actual prevalence rate based on current research data. Educationally, knowing the prevalence rates of eating disorders can help nurses in screening, assessment, and referral processes. It highlights the need for health promotion strategies that focus on body image, self-esteem, and healthy relationships with food among adolescents. Understanding these statistics equips nurses with the knowledge to advocate for preventive interventions and provide appropriate support to young individuals at risk for or experiencing eating disorders.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and health promotion, understanding the leading causes of death in adolescents is crucial for nurses to provide holistic care. The correct answer, B) Suicide, is the third leading cause of death in adolescents between 10 and 24 years of age. This knowledge is essential for nurses to assess and intervene in mental health issues among this vulnerable population. Option A) Accidents are a common cause of death in adolescents, but they typically rank higher than third place. Nurses must educate adolescents on safety measures to prevent accidents. Option C) Cancer is a significant cause of death in older age groups but is less common in adolescents. Nurses should still promote healthy lifestyle choices to reduce cancer risk later in life. Option D) Sport injuries, while prevalent in adolescents, are usually not a leading cause of death. Nurses should focus on promoting safe sports participation and injury prevention strategies. Understanding the specific causes of mortality in adolescents helps nurses tailor health promotion strategies to address the most pressing issues and provide targeted interventions to enhance the well-being of this age group.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, option C, "The lack of breast buds," requires further investigation. This finding is concerning because breast buds typically begin to develop in girls around the age of 10-11, indicating the onset of puberty. The absence of breast buds in a 14-year-old female suggests a delay in pubertal development, which may be indicative of an underlying health issue that requires assessment and intervention by a healthcare provider. Option A, "A height spurt since her last visit," is a normal physiological change during adolescence as growth spurts commonly occur during this period. It is not a cause for concern but rather a typical developmental milestone. Option B, "Facial acne," is also a common occurrence during adolescence due to hormonal changes. While acne may be distressing for the individual, it is not generally an indicator of a significant health problem and can be managed through appropriate skincare routines and, in some cases, medical treatment. Option D, "Noticeable sweating and body odor with activity," is another expected change during puberty due to increased activity of sweat glands and hormonal changes. While body odor can be bothersome, especially during adolescence, it is a normal part of development and can be managed through good hygiene practices. Educationally, understanding the normal developmental milestones during adolescence is crucial for healthcare providers working with this age group. Recognizing deviations from the expected patterns can help identify potential health concerns early and provide appropriate interventions or referrals for further evaluation. Regular physical exams and assessments are essential in monitoring adolescents' growth and development to ensure optimal health outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In Erikson's psychosocial theory, the intimacy vs isolation stage typically occurs in early adulthood, around ages 20 to 40. This stage is marked by the struggle to form close, intimate relationships with others while maintaining a sense of independence. Option D, the 26-year-old woman in a long-term relationship, best represents transitioning to the intimacy vs isolation stage as being in a committed, long-term relationship demonstrates the ability to form deep emotional connections and intimacy with another person, which is a key aspect of this stage. Option A, the 21-year-old man with numerous short-term intimate relationships, does not exhibit the depth of intimacy and commitment characteristic of Erikson's intimacy vs isolation stage. This behavior suggests a struggle with forming lasting, meaningful relationships. Option B, the 25-year-old woman focused on peer perception, may indicate a preoccupation with external validation and fitting in rather than developing intimate relationships, which is more characteristic of the identity vs role confusion stage that precedes intimacy vs isolation. Option C, the 30-year-old man looking for his first full-time job, is not directly related to the intimacy vs isolation stage of development. This scenario pertains more to the stage of establishing oneself in the workforce and achieving financial independence. Understanding Erikson's stages of development is crucial for healthcare providers, especially nurses, as it helps them assess and support individuals at different life stages. Recognizing where a person is in their developmental journey can inform nursing interventions aimed at promoting holistic health and well-being.