ATI RN
Pediatric Emergency Nursing PICO Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is the medication of choice for anaphylaxis that the nurse should anticipate would be ordered?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Epinephrine is the medication of choice for anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can lead to a rapid drop in blood pressure, airway constriction, and other serious symptoms. Epinephrine acts quickly to reverse these symptoms by constricting blood vessels, relaxing the muscles in the airways, and increasing heart rate. It is administered via an auto-injector device, such as an EpiPen, in cases of severe allergic reactions. Other medications, such as antihistamines and corticosteroids, may be given as adjunct therapy, but epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis. Thus, the nurse should anticipate that epinephrine would be ordered for a patient experiencing anaphylaxis.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the ff is the main reason why older clients with AIDS need more care than their younger counterparts?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The main reason why older clients with AIDS need more care than their younger counterparts is because older clients have a faster progression of the disease. As a person ages, their immune system tends to weaken, making them more vulnerable to infections and complications from diseases like AIDS. Older individuals may have decreased immune function and lower resilience when combating HIV-related complications compared to younger clients. This faster disease progression necessitates more frequent monitoring, specialized care, and management strategies tailored to the specific needs of older patients with AIDS. Therefore, older clients with AIDS require more support, medical attention, and comprehensive care to address their complex health needs effectively.
Question 3 of 5
In a client who has human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, CD4+ levels are measured to determine the:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: CD4+ T cells are a type of white blood cell that plays an essential role in coordinating the immune system's response to infections. In individuals with HIV infection, the virus specifically targets and destroys CD4+ T cells. Therefore, measuring CD4+ levels provides valuable information about the extent of damage to the immune system caused by HIV. Monitoring CD4+ levels helps in assessing the progression of the disease and determining when to initiate antiretroviral therapy to prevent opportunistic infections. Additionally, CD4+ levels are used to determine the prognosis and guide treatment decisions in individuals with HIV.
Question 4 of 5
The physician prescribes didanosone (ddl [Videx]), 200mg PO every 12 hours, for a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who is intolerant to zidovudine (azidothymidine ,AZT [Retrovir]). Which condition in the client's history warrants cautious of this drug?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Didanosine (ddl or Videx) is an antiretroviral medication used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. However, one of the notable side effects of didanosine is peripheral neuropathy, which can manifest as tingling, numbness, or pain in the hands and feet. Since the client already has a history of peripheral neuropathy, prescribing didanosine may exacerbate this condition, making it important for the healthcare provider to exercise caution. Monitoring for any signs or symptoms of worsening peripheral neuropathy is essential in this case.
Question 5 of 5
When taking a dietary history from a newly admitted client, the nurse should remember that which of the following foods is a common allergen?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Strawberries are a common allergen and can cause allergic reactions in some individuals. Allergies to strawberries are relatively common and can present as mild reactions like itching and hives, or more severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing and anaphylaxis. It is important for healthcare professionals, such as nurses, to be aware of common allergens when taking a dietary history from clients to ensure their safety and well-being.