ATI RN
ATI Pediatrics Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is the humoral immune response?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The humoral immune response involves the activation of B cells, which are stimulated by T helper cells or macrophages. When B cells are activated, they differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies specific to the foreign antigen. These antibodies can neutralize pathogens, tag them for destruction by other immune cells, or activate the complement system. In addition to producing antibodies, memory B cells are also generated during this process, providing long-lasting immunity upon re-exposure to the same antigen. This coordinated response is an essential part of the adaptive immune system's defense mechanism against foreign invaders.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient with HIV. Which of the following foods would the nurse teach the patient is safe to eat to reduce the risk of infection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: For a patient with HIV, it is important to reduce the risk of infection by avoiding potentially contaminated foods. Cooked vegetables are safer to eat compared to raw fruits and vegetables since cooking helps to kill harmful pathogens that can be present on raw produce. Caesar dressing, which typically contains raw eggs, should also be avoided as these can pose a risk of foodborne illness for individuals with compromised immune systems like those with HIV. Therefore, the nurse should teach the patient that cooked vegetables are a safer option for reducing the risk of infection.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following would the nurse identify as an abnormal finding?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The normal range for platelets in adults is typically between 150,000 to 400,000 platelets per microliter of blood. A platelet count of 115,000/ul would be considered low, a condition known as thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia can result in difficulty with blood clotting and may lead to increased risk of bleeding. Therefore, a platelet count of 115,000/ul would be identified as an abnormal finding by the nurse.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse provides care for a client with deep partial-thickness burns. What could cause a reduced hematocrit (Hct) in this client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A reduced hematocrit (Hct) in a client with deep partial-thickness burns can be primarily caused by volume overload with hemodilution. In patients with burns, there is an initial shift of fluid from the intravascular space to the interstitial space, leading to a decreased intravascular volume. In response to this hypovolemia, there is an increased release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone, resulting in retention of water and sodium. This volume overload leads to hemodilution, where the proportion of red blood cells to plasma decreases, causing a reduction in hematocrit levels. This scenario is a common occurrence in clients with burn injuries and helps explain the reduced hematocrit in this client.
Question 5 of 5
Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse expect to see in a plan of care for a client in sickle cell crisis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sickle cell crisis is characterized by intense pain due to the vaso-occlusive properties of sickled red blood cells leading to tissue ischemia. Therefore, pain is the primary nursing diagnosis that the nurse should expect to see in the plan of care for a client experiencing a sickle cell crisis. Managing and alleviating the pain is a priority in the care of these clients to improve quality of life and prevent complications. Other nursing diagnoses such as imbalanced nutrition, disturbed sleep pattern, and impaired skin integrity may not be directly related to the acute crisis and would not be the priority focus of care in this situation.