ATI RN
Pediatric Nursing Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is the function of macrophages and neutrophils?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The function of macrophages and neutrophils is primarily phagocytosis, which is the process of engulfing and digesting pathogens such as bacteria, virus-infected cells, and cellular debris. Phagocytosis is a crucial defense mechanism of the immune system as it helps eliminate harmful invaders and promote tissue repair. Macrophages and neutrophils play key roles in innate immunity by recognizing, ingesting, and destroying pathogens to protect the body from infections.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention to prevent infection in patients with AIDS?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct nursing intervention to prevent infection in patients with AIDS is to wear protective gear such as gown, mask, gloves, and goggles when entering the patient's room. Patients with AIDS have compromised immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections. Wearing protective gear helps prevent the transmission of pathogens from healthcare providers to the patient and vice versa. It helps minimize the risk of exposure to infectious agents and protects both the patient and the healthcare team. Prohibiting visitors with a cough (option B) may be important for preventing the spread of certain infections, but it is not the most effective measure for protecting patients with AIDS. Option A is not appropriate as it isolates the patient, which can have negative psychological effects. Option D is not specific enough and does not provide clear guidance on infection prevention measures.
Question 3 of 5
The physician orders tests to determine if a client has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which test result confirms SLE?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An above-normal anti-deoxyribonucleic acid (anti-dsDNA) test result confirms systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Anti-dsDNA antibodies are highly specific for SLE and are found in about 70% of individuals with the condition. These antibodies target the genetic material within the cell nucleus and are strongly associated with lupus nephritis, a severe complication of SLE. Therefore, an elevated anti-dsDNA test result would be a key indicator of SLE diagnosis.
Question 4 of 5
After receiving a dose of penicillin, a client develops dyspnea and hypotension. The nurse suspects the client is experiencing anaphylactic shock. What should the nurse do first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a client exhibits symptoms of anaphylactic shock after receiving penicillin, the priority nursing intervention is to administer epinephrine, as prescribed, to counteract the severe allergic reaction. Epinephrine helps to improve breathing and increase blood pressure. Intubation may be necessary in severe cases to maintain airway patency. Therefore, the nurse should administer epinephrine first before considering intubation. It is crucial to act swiftly to prevent further deterioration in the client's condition.
Question 5 of 5
A client is diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disorder. When teaching the client and family about autoimmune disorders, the nurse should provide which information?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Autoimmune disorders include connective tissue (collagen) disorders. Connective tissue disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and scleroderma, are a type of autoimmune disorder. In these conditions, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, including the connective tissues. Therefore, it is important for the client and family to understand that connective tissue disorders fall under the category of autoimmune disorders. This knowledge can help them better understand the nature of the disease and how it affects the body.