Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Phagocytosis. Macrophages and neutrophils are both types of phagocytes responsible for engulfing and digesting pathogens such as bacteria. This process helps in clearing infections and maintaining immune homeostasis. Summary: - Choice B (Complement fixation) is incorrect as it refers to a process where complement proteins bind to pathogens to enhance their removal by phagocytes. - Choice C (Antibody production) is incorrect as macrophages and neutrophils do not produce antibodies. They mainly rely on phagocytosis for pathogen clearance. - Choice D (Suppression of autoimmunity) is incorrect as these cells are involved in innate immunity and do not play a direct role in regulating autoimmunity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: potassium chloride. In Addisonian crisis, the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol and aldosterone. Potassium levels are typically elevated in Addisonian crisis due to decreased aldosterone. Administering potassium chloride can further increase potassium levels, leading to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Hydrocortisone (B) is essential to replace cortisol, normal saline solution (C) helps with volume resuscitation, and fludrocortisone (D) replaces aldosterone. Administering potassium chloride would exacerbate the hyperkalemia in Addisonian crisis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Anticholinesterase drugs. These drugs increase acetylcholine levels at neuromuscular junctions, helping improve muscle strength in myasthenia gravis. Adrenergic drugs (B) and beta-blocker drugs (D) are not typically used to treat muscle weakness in myasthenia gravis. Anticholinergic drugs (C) can worsen symptoms by blocking acetylcholine receptors, making them an inappropriate choice for this condition.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because systemic lupus erythematosus can lead to inflammation in the lungs, causing abnormal lung sounds. Dysphagia (choice A) is not typically associated with lupus. Dryness or itching of genitalia (choice B) is more characteristic of conditions like yeast infections or dermatitis. Decreased visual acuity or blindness (choice C) is not a common manifestation of lupus. Abnormal lung sounds (choice D) are commonly seen in lupus patients due to inflammation and possible lung involvement.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reassure the patient. The first priority in any accident scenario is to ensure the patient's safety and well-being. By checking if the patient is conscious, the nurse can assess their immediate condition and provide reassurance to alleviate any distress or anxiety. This step establishes communication and trust, allowing for further assessment and appropriate actions to be taken. Calling relatives (B) may be important but not the immediate first step. Bringing the patient immediately to the hospital (C) is premature without assessing the patient first. Calling a doctor (D) can be done after assessing the patient's condition.