Which of the following is the first step in the nursing process?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assessment. Assessment is the first step in the nursing process as it involves gathering data about the patient's health status, needs, and concerns. This step sets the foundation for the rest of the process by providing essential information for making informed decisions. Diagnosis (B) follows assessment and involves analyzing the data collected. Planning (C) comes next, where goals and interventions are determined based on the assessment and diagnosis. Implementation (D) is the final step, where the care plan is put into action. Therefore, Assessment is the initial and critical step in the nursing process.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why organizing group walks for community members (Choice A) is the most effective strategy: 1. Encourages social interaction and support, motivating individuals to participate. 2. Fosters a sense of community and belonging, making physical activity more enjoyable and sustainable. 3. Removes financial barriers as it is a cost-effective and accessible option for all community members. 4. Provides accountability and motivation through group participation. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B: Providing free gym memberships may not address other barriers such as transportation or time constraints. C: Conducting a survey is important but may not directly promote physical activity. D: Education is valuable but may not translate into actual behavior change without practical implementation strategies.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because providing early detection screenings for breast cancer falls under secondary prevention, which aims to detect and treat a disease in its early stages to prevent complications. This approach helps identify the disease before symptoms appear, improving treatment outcomes. A, encouraging people to exercise regularly, is an example of primary prevention, focusing on preventing the disease from occurring in the first place. C, providing vaccines to prevent disease, is also an example of primary prevention by preventing the disease from developing. D, offering smoking cessation programs to prevent lung cancer, is a combination of primary and secondary prevention, as it aims to prevent the disease by eliminating the risk factor and also detects potential cases early.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because advocating for policies that limit the availability of junk food in schools is an example of an upstream intervention in public health. Upstream interventions focus on preventing health issues at the population level by addressing the root causes. Limiting the availability of junk food in schools addresses the environmental factor contributing to poor dietary habits, therefore promoting healthier choices. Choices B, C, and D are not examples of upstream interventions as they focus more on individual-level interventions such as education, counseling, and access to healthy foods, rather than addressing the broader societal factors that influence health outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. The host in the epidemiological triangle represents the individual or group affected by the health issue. 2. In this scenario, the community members who are affected by health problems are the host. 3. They play a critical role in the transmission and progression of diseases within the community. Summary of incorrect choices: - A: Environmental factors are part of the environment component of the triangle, not the host. - B: The health care system is not the host but can influence disease transmission and healthcare access. - D: Pathogens are part of the agent component of the triangle, not the host.