Which of the following is the correct sequence in which urine flows through the kidney toward the urinary bladder?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Urine flows: papillary duct → minor calyx → major calyx → renal pelvis → ureter not other sequences. This orders drainage, key for urine path, contrasting with misordered flows.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Renal columns (cortex extensions) separate pyramids not medulla, calyces, or 'medullary cortices.' This defines anatomy, key for structure, contrasting with incorrect terms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Collecting ducts fine-tune water via ADH not PCT (bulk), ascending loop (impermeable), or DCT (less). This locates regulation, critical for urine concentration, contrasting with bulk sites.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: No aquaporins in collecting ducts prevent water reabsorption, causing dehydration not edema, Na+ retention, or vitamin loss. This links ADH to water, critical for balance, contrasting with retention.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Oliguria is low urine output (<400 mL/day) not pyuria (pus), enuresis (incontinence), or diuresis (excess). This defines reduced flow, critical for renal assessment, contrasting with other terms.