Which of the following is the correct ratio of chest compressions to breaths as per NRP?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) 3:01. In neonatal resuscitation, the NRP recommends a 3:1 compression-to-ventilation ratio for newborns. This ratio is based on the specific needs of newborns whose physiology differs from that of older children and adults. Option A) 5:01 is incorrect because it does not follow the recommended NRP guidelines for neonatal resuscitation. Option C) 30:02:00 is incorrect as it does not align with the standard 3:1 ratio recommended for newborns. Option D) 15:01 is also incorrect as it deviates from the NRP guidelines. Understanding the correct ratio for chest compressions to breaths in neonatal resuscitation is crucial for healthcare providers working with newborns. By adhering to the recommended guidelines, healthcare professionals can optimize the chances of successful resuscitation and improve outcomes for newborns in distress. Mastery of this ratio is essential for passing the NCLEX exam and for providing safe and effective care in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of this NCLEX question regarding the action of codeine when used to treat a cough, it is crucial to understand the pharmacological effects of this medication. The correct answer is B) suppressant. Codeine is classified as an antitussive medication, which means it works to suppress or decrease the cough reflex. Codeine acts on the central nervous system, specifically the cough center in the brain, to reduce the urge to cough. It does this by increasing the cough threshold, making it harder for the brain to trigger the cough reflex. This action helps to control coughing, particularly in cases where coughing is non-productive or persistent. Option A) antisuppressant is incorrect because there is no such term in pharmacology. The term "antisuppressant" is not a recognized classification of medication. Option C) antihistamine is incorrect because antihistamines work by blocking the action of histamine and are typically used to treat allergies, not cough. Option D) expectorant is incorrect because expectorants are medications that help to thin and loosen mucus in the airways, making it easier to cough up phlegm. Codeine, on the other hand, suppresses the cough reflex rather than promoting the removal of mucus. Understanding the actions of various cough medications is essential for nursing practice, especially when caring for patients with respiratory conditions. Nurses need to be able to differentiate between different types of cough medications to ensure safe and effective care for their patients. This knowledge is also crucial for passing exams like the NCLEX, where pharmacological principles are frequently tested.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Smoke inhalation. Smoke inhalation can cause hypoxia by replacing oxygen in the lungs with harmful gases, leading to a decreased oxygen supply to the body tissues. This can result in tissue damage and impaired cellular function. Diabetic ketoacidosis (choice A) is a metabolic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels, not directly related to hypoxia. Administration of a stimulant medication (choice C) can increase heart rate and blood pressure but does not directly cause hypoxia. Right-sided heart failure (choice D) can lead to fluid accumulation in the body, causing symptoms like edema, but it does not directly cause hypoxia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Partial non-rebreather mask. This device provides a higher concentration of oxygen compared to a nasal cannula or simple face mask, which is crucial for COPD patients who often have impaired gas exchange. The non-rebreather mask (choice D) is not appropriate as it can lead to CO2 retention in COPD patients. The nasal cannula (choice A) and simple face mask (choice B) do not provide as high an oxygen concentration as the partial non-rebreather mask, making them less suitable for COPD patients who require higher oxygen levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Suction the tracheostomy for 15 seconds at a time. This instruction is appropriate because prolonged suctioning can lead to tissue damage and hypoxia. Here's a step-by-step rationale: 1. Suctioning for 15 seconds helps prevent hypoxia and mucosal damage. 2. Longer suctioning time can cause trauma to the tracheal mucosa. 3. Adequate oxygenation is crucial during suctioning. 4. Regular breaks between suction passes allow for reoxygenation. Other choices are incorrect: B: Sterile water is not recommended for cleaning the catheter as it may introduce infection. C: Inserting the catheter until resistance is met can cause damage to the trachea. D: Suctioning every hour is not necessary and can lead to potential harm.