Which of the following is the central theme of Sr. Calista Roys theory

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The central theme of Sr. Callista Roy's theory is adaptation. Roy's Adaptation Model focuses on the individual's ability to adapt to internal and external stimuli in order to maintain health and well-being. The theory emphasizes the interconnectedness of the individual and their environment, highlighting the dynamic process of adaptation in response to stimuli. By focusing on adaptation, Roy's theory guides nursing practice in promoting holistic care that supports individuals in adapting to changes and achieving optimal health outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Prostatitis is characterized by inflammation of the prostate gland, leading to symptoms such as dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urinary urgency, and perineal or pelvic pain. Prostate cancer, on the other hand, is characterized by the presence of malignant cells in the prostate gland and may not present with these typical symptoms. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that can cause urinary symptoms but is not typically associated with inflammation. Urethritis refers to inflammation of the urethra, which is a different condition and may present with symptoms such as painful urination and discharge from the urethra.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When planning for Jose's oxygen therapy, the nurse should consider the need for a humidifier to prevent drying of the mucous membranes, the appropriate length of tubing for mobility and safety reasons, and the manner of administering oxygen (continuous or intermittent) based on Jose's condition and oxygen requirements. However, determining Jose's age is not a relevant factor in planning for his oxygen therapy. The decision-making process should be based on his specific medical needs and condition rather than his age.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Opioid medications are considered the first-line pharmacological treatment for dyspnea in palliative care patients with advanced cancer. Opioids help relieve dyspnea by reducing respiratory drive and the sensation of breathlessness, providing effective symptom management. In this case, addressing the patient's dyspnea with opioid medications would likely also help alleviate their anxiety related to breathlessness. Administering oxygen therapy (choice A) may not be effective at relieving dyspnea in this situation, as dyspnea in advanced cancer patients is often not primarily due to low oxygen levels. Teaching pursed-lip breathing techniques (choice B) and referring the patient to a respiratory therapist for breathing exercises (choice D) may be helpful complementary interventions, but opioid medications should be the priority for symptom management.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Endometriosis is the most likely condition responsible for the symptoms described in this scenario. Endometriosis is a chronic condition in which endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterus, commonly affecting the pelvic structures such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic peritoneum. The main symptoms include cyclic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea (painful periods), and dyspareunia (pain during intercourse). The retroverted and fixed uterus on examination may be due to adhesions from endometriosis, causing the uterus to be fixed in position. Endometriosis should be considered in women of reproductive age presenting with these symptoms and pelvic examination findings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Bulimia nervosa is best defined as a pathological disorder involving recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, or misuse of laxatives. It is categorized as an eating disorder rather than a phobic disorder as it involves behaviors related to food consumption and body image, not just fears or phobias. Bulimia is not solely associated with starving oneself, as individuals with bulimia tend to consume large amounts of food during binge episodes. Therefore, the most accurate definition of bulimia is a pathological disorder of binging and vomiting.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The patient is presenting with symptoms consistent with cluster headache. Cluster headaches are characterized by recurrent episodes of severe unilateral (ipsilateral) headache accompanied by lacrimation (tearing from the eyes), rhinorrhea (runny nose), and ptosis (drooping of the eyelid). These headaches often occur in clusters over a period of weeks to months, hence the name "cluster headache."

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When a patient receiving palliative care for end-stage COPD expresses a desire to discuss advance care planning, the palliative nurse should initiate a conversation about advance directives and future care preferences. Advance care planning involves discussing and documenting a patient's preferences regarding future medical care, particularly in situations where the patient may no longer be able to make decisions. This discussion helps ensure that the patient's wishes are respected and followed in the event they are unable to communicate their preferences. By engaging in advance care planning discussions, the nurse can help the patient feel empowered, supported, and in control of their medical care decisions. It also allows healthcare providers to align care with the patient's values and goals, ultimately improving quality of life and ensuring dignity at the end of life.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A living will is a legal document that outlines a person's preferences and wishes regarding medical treatment, including resuscitation, in the event they become unable to communicate or make decisions. In this scenario, the client being admitted to the oncology unit wants to convey his wishes regarding resuscitation in case of cardiopulmonary arrest. A living will helps ensure that these wishes are known and respected by healthcare providers and loved ones. While a will addresses how a person's assets should be distributed after death and a health care power of attorney designates someone to make medical decisions on the person's behalf, a living will specifically focuses on healthcare preferences and treatment decisions. A proxy directive is similar to a health care power of attorney, designating someone to make healthcare decisions for the person if they are unable to do so themselves.