Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The Somogyi effect, also known as rebound hyperglycemia, is a phenomenon observed in patients with diabetes mellitus during sleep. It is characterized by a low blood sugar level (hypoglycemia) followed by high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) in the morning. This occurs due to limited insulin in the body during the night, leading to high blood sugar levels in the morning as a response to the hypoglycemia episode. Too much globulin or albumin are not directly associated with the Somogyi effect. Increasing insulin in the body would rather help prevent the hypoglycemia episode that triggers the rebound hyperglycemia in the Somogyi effect.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse's primary responsibility in responding to a patient's questions about their diagnosis and treatment options is to listen actively and provide accurate, honest, and comprehensive answers. This approach helps build trust between the patient and the healthcare team, allows the patient to make informed decisions about their care, and ensures that the patient understands their condition and the recommended treatment plan. Providing vague answers or ignoring the patient's questions can lead to confusion, anxiety, and mistrust, which can hinder the patient's overall care and recovery. Referring the patient to the physician for all questions may be appropriate for certain medical inquiries, but the nurse plays a crucial role in educating and supporting the patient throughout their healthcare journey.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse's priority action after noticing a sudden drop in blood pressure after administering anesthesia is to assess the patient's airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs). This is crucial to determine the immediate cause of the sudden drop in blood pressure and to ensure the patient's safety and stability. Assessment of the ABCs will help identify any potential airway obstruction, respiratory distress, or circulatory issues that may be contributing to the drop in blood pressure. Once the assessment is done, appropriate interventions can be initiated to stabilize the patient's condition. Administering vasopressors, documenting the blood pressure readings, and notifying the anesthesiologist are important actions but assessing the ABCs takes precedence in this situation to ensure the patient's immediate needs are addressed.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Metformin is a commonly prescribed medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. One of the rare but serious adverse effects associated with metformin use is lactic acidosis. Lactic acidosis results from the buildup of lactic acid in the bloodstream, leading to symptoms such as weakness, rapid breathing, abdominal pain, and muscle pain. Lactic acidosis can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. It is important for patients taking metformin to be aware of the signs and symptoms of lactic acidosis and seek immediate medical help if they experience any of these symptoms. Regular monitoring of kidney function is crucial in patients taking metformin to reduce the risk of lactic acidosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by the presence of multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within the ovaries, which can be visualized on ultrasound. Women with PCOS often experience menstrual irregularities such as irregular periods or no periods, as well as symptoms of hyperandrogenism like hirsutism (excessive hair growth) and acne. Other common features of PCOS include insulin resistance and obesity. It is important to note that not all women with PCOS will have ovarian cysts, but the presence of multiple cysts is a common finding in this condition.