ATI RN
Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is the cause of goiter?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Goiter, thyroid enlargement, stems from multiple causes: iodine deficiency impairs T3/T4 synthesis, increasing TSH and colloid; genetic abnormalities (e.g., enzyme defects) disrupt hormone production; anti-thyroid drugs (e.g., propylthiouracil) block synthesis, prompting hypertrophy. 'All' encompasses these, distinguishing goiter's multifactorial etiology, key to diagnosis, contrasting with single-cause disorders.
Question 2 of 5
Which if the following gland which can be classified as an endocrine and an exocrine gland?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The pancreas is both endocrine (islets secrete insulin/glucagon into blood) and exocrine (acini release digestive enzymes via ducts). Thyroid (T3/T4) and thymus (thymosin) are purely endocrine, lacking ducts. Pituitary (e.g., GH) is endocrine-only, no exocrine function. Pancreas' dual role distinguishes it, essential for metabolic and digestive integration, unlike single-function glands.
Question 3 of 5
The Glucagon is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucagon accelerates glycogenolysis, converting liver glycogen to glucose to raise blood levels, countering insulin. Slowing gluconeogenesis (glucose from lactic acid) opposes glucagon's role it promotes it. Decreasing glycogen conversion is insulin's job. Protein synthesis isn't glucagon-driven GH or insulin-like factors handle that. Glycogenolysis acceleration distinguishes glucagon, key to fasting glucose supply, unlike inhibitory or anabolic actions.
Question 4 of 5
Calcium level in the blood is regulated by the:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The parathyroid glands secrete PTH to raise blood calcium via bone resorption and kidney reabsorption, while the thyroid's calcitonin lowers it by inhibiting resorption. Adrenal medulla (catecholamines), pancreas (insulin), testes (testosterone), and thymus (immunity) don't regulate calcium. Parathyroid-thyroid balance distinguishes this control, key to skeletal and metabolic homeostasis.
Question 5 of 5
Nervousness, increased body temperature, and increased blood-pressure are indications of
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism, excess T3/T4, accelerates metabolism, causing nervousness, heat intolerance, and hypertension. Diabetes affects glucose, hypoglycemia lowers energy, hypothyroidism slows metabolism opposite symptoms. Hyperthyroidism's overactive signs distinguish it, key to thyroid disorder diagnosis, contrasting with metabolic deficiencies.