Which of the following is the best method for determining the health needs of a community?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Conducting a needs assessment survey. This method allows for systematic data collection from a diverse sample of community members, providing a comprehensive understanding of health needs. It ensures a holistic approach, considering various perspectives and demographics. Survey results can identify key health issues, prioritize interventions, and guide resource allocation effectively. Reviewing local health statistics (B) may not capture the nuances of community needs. Interviewing community leaders (C) may not represent the entire community. Observing behaviors (D) alone may not provide insights into underlying health issues. Conducting a needs assessment survey is the most inclusive and evidence-based method for determining community health needs.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Income and social status. This is because income and social status have a significant impact on an individual's access to resources that influence their health, such as nutritious food, safe housing, and quality education. Lower income and social status are associated with higher rates of chronic diseases and poorer health outcomes. A: Genetic predisposition to disease is not a social determinant of health as it is biological and not influenced by social factors. B: Access to health care services is important but is not solely a social determinant of health as it may be influenced by various other factors. C: Quality of the physical environment can impact health, but it is not as strong of a social determinant as income and social status which influence various aspects of an individual's life.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Providing hands-on demonstrations. This is effective for adults as it engages multiple senses, promotes active learning, and allows for practical application of knowledge. Adults learn best through experiential learning and hands-on activities encourage participation and retention of information. B: Lecturing on theoretical concepts may not be as effective for adults as it can be passive and less engaging. C: Using audio-visual materials can be helpful, but hands-on demonstrations are generally more impactful for adult learners. D: Providing written handouts can support learning, but hands-on demonstrations are more likely to result in better understanding and retention for adults.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because offering community-wide stress management workshops promotes mental well-being at a population level. It addresses the root cause of mental health issues by teaching skills to cope with stress effectively. Providing individual therapy (choice A) targets individuals, not the community. Support groups (choice C) are beneficial but may not reach the entire community. Mental health screenings in schools (choice D) focus on identification, not prevention or promotion of mental well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most effective strategy for reducing hypertension in a community is promoting a diet low in sodium. High sodium intake is directly linked to high blood pressure. By reducing sodium intake, blood pressure can be better controlled. Regular exercise (choice A) is important for overall health but may not have as direct an impact on blood pressure as diet. Providing free blood pressure screenings (choice B) is helpful for early detection but does not address the root cause. Advocating for policies to reduce air pollution (choice D) is important for overall health but may not have as direct an impact on hypertension as reducing sodium intake.