ATI RN
ATI Proctored Pharmacology Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is the antidote of first choice in the treatment of potentially fatal paracetamol overdose?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Paracetamol overdose risks fatal hepatotoxicity via NAPQI, a toxic metabolite depleting glutathione. Methionine replenishes glutathione orally, effective if given early, but less preferred due to slower action and GI upset. Acetylcysteine, administered IV or orally, directly supplies glutathione precursors, neutralizing NAPQI within the critical 8-12 hour window, making it the first-choice antidote per global guidelines (e.g., Rumack-Matthew nomogram). It's superior for its rapid efficacy, especially beyond 8 hours, preventing liver failure. Naloxone reverses opioids, irrelevant here. Dicobalt edetate treats cyanide poisoning, not paracetamol. Flumazenil targets benzodiazepines. Acetylcysteine's mechanism and timing flexibility ensure maximal survival, critical in emergency settings where overdose severity varies.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is NOT an opioid or NSAID?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acetaminophen is not an opioid or NSAID. While it is commonly used to relieve pain and reduce fever, acetaminophen works differently from opioids and NSAIDs. Acetaminophen is believed to reduce pain by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins in the brain, whereas opioids work by binding to opioid receptors in the central nervous system, and NSAIDs work by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins in the peripheral tissues.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is administering oxycodone to a patient. Which common side effect should the nurse teach the patient about?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Drowsiness is a common side effect of oxycodone, an opioid analgesic. Patients should be advised to avoid activities requiring alertness, such as driving, while taking this medication. Paresthesia (A), increased intracranial pressure (B), and occipital headache (C) are not typical side effects of oxycodone.
Question 4 of 5
What is the therapeutic use of metformin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metformin is a medication commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes by helping to control high blood sugar levels. It works by decreasing the amount of sugar produced by the liver and increasing the body's response to insulin. By aiding in controlling blood glucose levels, metformin helps prevent complications of diabetes such as kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, and loss of limbs. It does not lower blood pressure, diminish seizure activity, increase heart rate, or decrease gastrointestinal secretions.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse provides care for elders in an assisted living facility. What does the nurse assess as a primary contributing factor for drug toxicity in the elderly?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dehydration, common in elders from reduced thirst, lowers drug clearance (e.g., renal function drops), risking toxicity-key in pharmacokinetics. Alcohol abuse varies, not primary. Constipation affects excretion less than fluid status. Stomach acid decreases, not increases, with age. Dehydration's impact on volume and clearance drives toxicity risk.