Which of the following is the antidote for lead poisoning?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: CaEDTA. Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (CaEDTA) is a chelating agent used to treat lead poisoning by binding to lead ions in the bloodstream and enhancing their excretion through urine. It forms stable complexes with lead, reducing its toxicity. Naloxone (A) is an opioid receptor antagonist, used to reverse opioid overdose. Nitrite (B) is used in cyanide poisoning. Dialysis (D) is not effective in removing lead from the body as lead is not effectively dialyzable.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Lansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat conditions related to excess stomach acid. Thalamus hypertrophy is not a condition affecting stomach acid production, making it unrelated to Lansoprazole use. A: Gastritis, B: Peptic Ulcers, and C: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome all involve excessive stomach acid secretion, hence Lansoprazole is used in these cases. Thalamus hypertrophy does not involve stomach acid issues, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Quinidine. Cinchonism is a condition caused by the toxicity of Cinchona alkaloids, which are found in drugs like quinine and quinidine. Quinidine is specifically known to cause symptoms of cinchonism such as tinnitus, headache, blurred vision, and nausea. Valproic acid (choice A) is an anticonvulsant, not associated with cinchonism. Isoniazid (choice C) is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis and does not cause cinchonism. Ethosuximide (choice D) is an anticonvulsant used to treat absence seizures and is not linked to cinchonism.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C (Isoniazid) Rationale: 1. Isoniazid is known to cause drug-induced hepatitis due to its hepatotoxic effects. 2. It can lead to liver inflammation, causing hepatitis as a reaction. 3. Regular monitoring of liver function tests is essential when using isoniazid. Summary of other choices: A. Valproic acid: Can cause hepatotoxicity but not specifically linked to hepatitis. B. Quinidine: Mainly known for cardiac side effects, not commonly associated with hepatitis. D. Ethosuximide: Primarily used for treating absence seizures, not typically associated with hepatitis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Ethosuximide is the correct answer as it is a known trigger for Stevens-Johnson syndrome due to its association with hypersensitivity reactions. Step 2: Valproic acid can cause liver toxicity but is not typically linked to Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Step 3: Quinidine is associated with drug-induced lupus but not commonly known to cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Step 4: Isoniazid is linked to drug-induced hepatitis but not typically associated with Stevens-Johnson syndrome. In summary, Ethosuximide is the correct choice due to its well-documented association with Stevens-Johnson syndrome, while the other options are linked to different adverse effects.