Which of the following is NOT true of parathyroid hormone action?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because parathyroid hormone (PTH) actually increases blood calcium levels. PTH achieves this by releasing calcium from bone (A), promoting reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys (C), and activating Vitamin D for increased calcium absorption in the intestines (D). By decreasing blood calcium levels, it would go against the primary function of PTH. This choice is incorrect as PTH is known for its role in increasing blood calcium levels through the mentioned mechanisms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diarrhoea. Hypothyroidism is associated with decreased metabolic function, leading to symptoms such as lethargy, anorexia, and weight gain. Diarrhoea is not typically a symptom of hypothyroidism; instead, it can be seen in conditions like hyperthyroidism where there is an excess of thyroid hormone. In hypothyroidism, the digestive processes slow down, which can lead to constipation rather than diarrhoea. Therefore, the effects of hypothyroidism do not include diarrhoea.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The Islets of Langerhans are clusters of cells in the pancreas that regulate blood sugar levels. Choice D, Endocrine pancreas, is correct because the Islets of Langerhans are specifically located in the pancreas. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the Islets of Langerhans are not found in the anterior pituitary, cortex, or spleen. The pancreas is the primary organ associated with blood sugar regulation, making it the correct location for the Islets of Langerhans.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Kidney. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) acts on the kidneys to regulate water balance by increasing water reabsorption, thus reducing urine output. This hormone helps maintain proper fluid balance in the body. The other choices (A: Pancreas, B: Liver, C: Uterus) are incorrect because they do not play a direct role in water balance regulation or response to ADH stimulation. The kidney is the main target organ for ADH due to its crucial role in water reabsorption and urine concentration.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: amylase. Gastric juice primarily contains hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen, and mucus, but not amylase. Amylase is an enzyme produced in the mouth and pancreas that helps break down carbohydrates, not typically found in gastric juice. HPO42- is a phosphate ion present in gastric juice. Lipase is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of fats and can be found in pancreatic juice, not gastric juice. Mucus is secreted by the stomach lining to protect it from the acidic environment of gastric juice.