Which of the following is not considered one of the four cornerstones or pillars in primary health care?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D because inter-sectoral linkages are not the only cornerstone of primary health care. The four cornerstones are active community participation, support mechanisms, appropriate technology, and inter-sectoral collaboration. Inter-sectoral linkages refer to collaboration between different sectors, but it is not the sole pillar. Active community participation involves engaging communities in decision-making, support mechanisms ensure access to essential health services, and appropriate technology focuses on the use of suitable tools for healthcare delivery. Therefore, D is the correct answer as it does not encompass the comprehensive scope of primary health care principles.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Choice B is correct because the partograph is a tool used for monitoring labor progress in all pregnant women, not just in specific cases. It is essential for early detection of complications. Choice A is incorrect as the partograph should be used from the onset of labor regardless of the cervical dilation. Choice C is incorrect as the cervical dilation should be plotted in centimeters, not using 'x'. Choice D is incorrect as referral should be based on the overall assessment of the labor progress, not solely on reaching the action line on the partograph.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct classification for James' illness is D: No pneumonia. This is because the question specifically states that James does not have pneumonia. Therefore, it is important to focus on the information provided in the question itself. Choices A, B, and C all suggest some form of pneumonia, which contradicts the information given. It is crucial to accurately interpret and address the details provided in the question to arrive at the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) because micronutrient supplementation is often provided alongside vaccinations to address malnutrition in children. The EPI focuses on preventing diseases through immunization but also incorporates other public health interventions like providing essential vitamins and minerals. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because: B: Reproductive Health primarily focuses on family planning, maternal care, and sexually transmitted infections. C: Araw ng Sangkap Pinoy is a celebration promoting healthy Filipino diets but does not directly involve micronutrient supplementation. D: Sentrong Sigla Movement is a quality improvement program for health facilities, not specifically related to providing micronutrient supplementation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tertiary level of care. Specialists in health facilities like medical centers, regional, and provincial hospitals provide specialized and complex care, which is characteristic of tertiary care. This level of care involves advanced medical procedures, specialized equipment, and highly trained healthcare professionals. Primary care (choice C) focuses on preventive and basic healthcare services, while secondary care (choice A) provides more specialized services compared to primary care but is not as advanced as tertiary care. Intermediate care (choice D) typically refers to care that falls between secondary and tertiary levels but lacks the complexity and specialization of tertiary care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The elements mentioned are key components of designing and initiating a community organizing effort. Choosing structure, recruiting members, defining mission, vision, and goals, and clarifying roles are essential in the initial stages of organizing a community. This stage sets the foundation for the entire process. Program maintenance-consolidation (A) occurs after the program has been established. Dissemination-Reassessment (B) involves spreading information and evaluating outcomes. Community Analysis/diagnosis (C) is the initial assessment of community needs, which precedes the design and initiation phase. Thus, the correct answer is D as it aligns with the early stages of community organizing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: PD 996. Primary Health Care is commonly known as the PD 996 or the Philippine Health Care Act of 1996. This law focuses on promoting health, preventing diseases, and providing accessible and affordable health care services to all Filipinos. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not specifically pertain to Primary Health Care in the Philippines. PD 442 refers to the Labor Code of the Philippines, PD 949 is about the Condominium Act, and RA 8981 is the PRC Modernization Act.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Foreseeable crisis. Stressful occurrences are referred to as "foreseeable crisis" because they are events or situations that are anticipated to cause significant stress or disruption. This term implies that the stressful situation is expected or can be predicted in advance. A: Health deficit - This term refers to a lack or shortage in health resources or well-being, not specifically related to stressful occurrences. B: Health threats - While stress can be a threat to health, this term does not specifically capture the idea of anticipated or predictable stressful occurrences. C: Health need - This term refers to requirements for maintaining or improving health, but it does not directly address the concept of stressful occurrences. In summary, "foreseeable crisis" is the correct choice as it accurately describes the nature of stressful occurrences being anticipated or predictable. The other choices do not capture this specific aspect of stressful situations.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cancer. Non-communicable diseases are not transmitted from person to person and are often chronic in nature. Cancer is a non-communicable disease characterized by abnormal cell growth. Tuberculosis (A) and Malaria (B) are infectious diseases caused by bacteria and parasites, respectively, and can be transmitted between individuals. Heart disease (D) can have both genetic and lifestyle factors, but it is not communicable. In summary, cancer fits the criteria of being non-communicable, while the other choices involve transmission between individuals.