Which of the following is NOT an example of public health services?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hospital management. Public health services focus on preventing diseases and promoting community well-being, which do not directly involve managing individual healthcare institutions like hospitals. Control of communicable diseases, environmental sanitation, and health education are examples of public health services as they involve disease prevention, creating healthy environments, and educating the public on health-related issues. Hospital management, on the other hand, pertains to the administration and operation of healthcare facilities, which is not a core function of public health services.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary goal of public health is to prevent disease and disability. This is because by preventing diseases and disabilities, public health efforts aim to improve overall population health and well-being. This includes implementing interventions such as vaccinations, health education, and policy changes to reduce the burden of preventable illnesses. Achieving health equity, prolonging life, and promoting health are important aspects of public health but they are secondary to the core goal of preventing disease and disability.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Alma Ata Declaration. This declaration, adopted in 1978, specifically focused on the concept of Primary Health Care (PHC). It emphasized the importance of addressing basic healthcare needs, promoting community participation, and integrating healthcare services. The Declaration of Helsinki (B) pertains to medical research ethics, not primary health care. The Declaration of Human Rights (C) addresses fundamental human rights, not healthcare. The Declaration of Ottawa (D) is related to health promotion, not primary health care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Accessibility is NOT a principle of Primary Health Care. Primary Health Care principles include health promotion, community participation, and inter-sectoral collaboration. Accessibility is related to the delivery of healthcare services but is not considered a core principle. Primary Health Care focuses on providing comprehensive, holistic, and equitable care to all individuals, emphasizing prevention, community involvement, and collaboration among different sectors. The other choices align with the core values and principles of Primary Health Care, making them incorrect options for this question.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Tertiary prevention aims at reducing the impact of an already established disease. Physical therapy falls under tertiary prevention as it helps improve function and quality of life in individuals with existing health conditions. Vaccination (A) is an example of primary prevention, screening for cancer (B) is secondary prevention, and health education (D) can be part of primary or secondary prevention but not specific to tertiary prevention.