ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2023 Proctored Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is NOT an ester type of local anesthetics:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cocaine is not an ester type of local anesthetic. While procaine, amethocaine, benzocaine, and etidocaine are all ester type local anesthetics, cocaine belongs to the group of local anesthetics known as ester anesthetics. Even though cocaine has local anesthetic properties, it is specifically classified as a "amide type" local anesthetic, not an ester type. Therefore, the correct choice among the given options is D. Cocaine.
Question 2 of 5
When teaching a patient who is beginning antilipemic therapy about possible drug-food interactions, the nurse will discuss which food?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Grapefruit juice can interact with antilipemic medications, specifically statins, causing increased drug levels in the bloodstream. This can lead to a higher risk of side effects and adverse reactions. Therefore, patients on antilipemic therapy should be cautious about consuming grapefruit juice to prevent potential drug interactions.
Question 3 of 5
A 6-year-old boy is brought to his primary care physician with a history of hay fever and asthma. He usually has two to three attacks per week. For symptom control, he uses an albuterol inhaler, but his parents would like to try something more. They would like him to take something that would lessen the amount of attacks he has. Although corticosteroids would probably work best for prophylaxis, they are contraindicated in children. He is instead given montelukast. How does montelukast work?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Montelukast prevents asthma attacks by blocking leukotriene receptors . Leukotrienes drive inflammation; montelukast reduces this, complementing albuterol's acute relief. Muscarinic blockade is ipratropium's action. COX inhibition (C, D) is NSAIDs'. Lipoxygenase inhibition (E) is zileuton's. Montelukast's specificity suits prophylaxis in this child.
Question 4 of 5
A patient is hypokalemic and will be receiving IV potassium. The patient is not on a heart monitor. How should the nurse administer the potassium replacement?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When administering IV potassium to a hypokalemic patient who is not on a heart monitor, it's important to ensure a controlled rate of infusion to prevent dangerous cardiac arrhythmias. The recommended maximum rate for IV potassium replacement in this scenario is typically no more than 20 mEq/hour. Faster administration rates can increase the risk of hyperkalemia and potentially lead to serious cardiac complications. Monitoring the patient closely for signs of hyperkalemia such as ECG changes or muscle weakness is also crucial during potassium replacement therapy.
Question 5 of 5
A patient says, 'I have such bad seasonal allergies. Is there anything I can take to keep them from happening?' What information should the nurse provide?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Preventing seasonal allergies involves blocking histamine (antihistamines, choice A), reducing inflammation (corticosteroids, choice B), or stabilizing mast cells . Mast cell stabilizers (e.g., cromolyn) prevent histamine release, a proactive approach. Decongestants relieve symptoms, not prevent. Choice C highlights a preventive mechanism, key for allergy management education.