Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is crucial for providing safe care to infants. The correct answer is C) breastfeeding. Breastfeeding is NOT a risk factor for SIDS; in fact, it is associated with a reduced risk of SIDS due to the numerous health benefits it provides to infants, including improved immune function and decreased risk of infections. Option A) sleeping on the stomach is a known risk factor for SIDS as it can lead to suffocation or rebreathing of exhaled air. Premature birth, option B), is also a risk factor for SIDS as premature infants may have underdeveloped systems that can affect their ability to regulate breathing. Smoking during pregnancy, option D), exposes the fetus to harmful chemicals that can affect their respiratory and neurological development, increasing the risk of SIDS. Educationally, it is important for nurses to educate parents and caregivers on safe sleep practices to reduce the risk of SIDS. This includes placing infants on their back to sleep, using a firm mattress with no loose bedding, avoiding smoking around the infant, and promoting breastfeeding as a protective factor against SIDS. Understanding these risk factors empowers nurses to advocate for safe practices and support families in providing a safe sleep environment for their infants.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is B) Scald burns generally are not lethal. This statement is false because scald burns can indeed be lethal, especially in cases of extensive burns or if they cover a large percentage of the body surface area. Option A is incorrect because water at a temperature of 150°F can indeed produce a full-thickness burn in a very short amount of time, which highlights the importance of being cautious with hot water around children. Option C is also correct as setting water heaters at 125°F can help prevent scald burns by reducing the risk of water being too hot. Option D is incorrect as scald burns in a splash pattern do not necessarily suggest child abuse. While it is important to consider the possibility of abuse in cases of unusual burn patterns, scald burns can occur in various ways and may not always indicate abuse. Educationally, understanding scald burns in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses caring for children. It is essential to be aware of the potential severity of scald burns, the importance of preventing them through water temperature control, and the need to consider various possible causes when assessing burn injuries in children. This knowledge equips nurses to provide safe and effective care for pediatric patients who may be at risk for scald burns.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the MOST important risk factor for the development of serious youth violence in the 14-year-old boy is having antisocial delinquent friends (Option C). This is because peer influence plays a significant role in shaping behavior during adolescence. Being surrounded by peers who engage in delinquent behavior increases the likelihood of the individual also engaging in such behaviors, including serious violence. Option A (male gender) is not the most important risk factor in this case because while statistics show males are more frequently involved in violent behaviors, the question specifically asks for the MOST important risk factor for this individual. Option B (substance abuse) is a risk factor for violence, but in this case, the influence of antisocial delinquent friends is considered more significant. Option D (low IQ) is not the most important risk factor for serious youth violence in this context as intelligence level alone does not directly correlate with violent behavior. Educationally, understanding the influence of peer relationships on behavior is crucial in pediatric nursing. By recognizing the impact of social factors like peer groups on adolescent behavior, healthcare providers can better assess and intervene in situations involving youth violence. It highlights the importance of comprehensive assessments and interventions that consider the social determinants of health in pediatric care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C) Wear and tear of cartilage. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage in the joints. This breakdown is primarily due to the continuous wear and tear on the joints over time, leading to inflammation, pain, and reduced mobility. Option A) Autoimmune reaction is incorrect because osteoarthritis is not an autoimmune disease. It is a result of mechanical stress on the joints rather than the body's immune system attacking its own tissues. Option B) Infection is also incorrect as osteoarthritis is not caused by an infectious agent. Infections in joints typically lead to a different condition known as septic arthritis. Option D) Genetic predisposition is a contributing factor to osteoarthritis, but it is not the primary cause. While genetics can play a role in predisposing individuals to developing the condition, the main mechanism of osteoarthritis development is the mechanical stress on the joints. Educational Context: Understanding the primary cause of osteoarthritis is crucial for healthcare providers, especially pediatric nurses, as they may encounter children or adolescents with juvenile osteoarthritis. By recognizing that wear and tear of cartilage is the main factor in osteoarthritis development, nurses can educate patients and families on preventive measures such as maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and protecting joints from excessive strain. This knowledge empowers nurses to provide comprehensive care and support to pediatric patients with or at risk of developing osteoarthritis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the first-line treatment for juvenile idiopathic arthritis is typically NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) like ibuprofen or naproxen. NSAIDs are preferred due to their effectiveness in reducing pain and inflammation in children with arthritis. They are considered safer than other options for initial treatment in this population. Biologics (Option B) are often used if NSAIDs are ineffective or if the disease is more severe. These medications target specific components of the immune system involved in the inflammatory process. However, they are usually reserved for cases that do not respond to NSAIDs. Corticosteroids (Option C) may be used in some cases to quickly reduce inflammation and pain, but their long-term use in children is associated with significant side effects. Therefore, they are not typically recommended as the first-line treatment. DMARDs (Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs) (Option D) are more commonly used in adults with arthritis, and their use in children is limited due to safety concerns and the availability of other effective options. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind the choice of NSAIDs as the first-line treatment for juvenile idiopathic arthritis is crucial for pediatric nurses. It ensures safe and effective management of this chronic condition in children. Nurses must be aware of the indications, contraindications, and potential side effects of different treatment options to provide comprehensive care to pediatric patients with arthritis.