Which of the following is not a feature of autonomic neuropathy in diabetes?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Autonomic neuropathy in diabetes can manifest with various symptoms, such as retrograde ejaculation (A), gustatory sweating (B), and hypoglycemic unresponsiveness (D). Mononeuritis multiplex (C) is not typically associated with autonomic neuropathy in diabetes. Mononeuritis multiplex is a condition characterized by damage to at least two separate nerve areas resulting in weakness, pain, and sensory loss. Autonomic neuropathy in diabetes tends to affect the autonomic nerves that control involuntary bodily functions, leading to symptoms such as gastrointestinal issues, cardiovascular abnormalities, and sexual dysfunction, but mononeuritis multiplex is not a common feature of this condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is a hormone released by the pituitary gland in response to changes in blood osmolality, blood volume, and blood pressure. During hemorrhage (significant blood loss), the body experiences a decrease in blood volume and blood pressure. In response to this decrease in blood volume, ADH secretion is increased to help the body retain water and maintain blood pressure levels. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that ADH secretion is reduced during hemorrhage.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Conn's syndrome, also known as primary hyperaldosteronism, is characterized by excess production of aldosterone by the adrenal glands. This leads to increased sodium retention and potassium excretion in the kidneys. As a result, patients with Conn's syndrome typically present with hypokalemia (low potassium levels), not hyperkalemia (high potassium levels). The other features of Conn's syndrome include alkalosis (metabolic), muscle cramps, and severe systemic hypertension.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Tremor (A): Tremors or shaky hands are common symptoms of hyperthyroidism. This is due to the increased metabolic rate caused by excess thyroid hormone in the body.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Myxoedema refers to severe hypothyroidism which can lead to neurological manifestations. The correct features associated with myxoedema include delayed relaxation of ankle jerk (Choice A), hypertonia (Choice C), and bradylalia (Choice D). Cerebellar ataxia, which involves incoordination and balance issues due to dysfunction of the cerebellum, is not a typical neurological feature seen in myxoedema.