ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is most responsive to treatment with thyroxine?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Myxedema is caused by hypothyroidism, which can be effectively treated with thyroxine. 2. Thyroxine is a synthetic form of thyroid hormone that helps restore thyroid hormone levels. 3. Myxedema symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance improve with thyroxine treatment. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A. Diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia are not directly related to thyroid hormone levels. B. Hyperglycemia is not primarily treated with thyroxine. D. Graves' disease is a thyroid disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism, which requires different treatments than hypothyroidism.
Question 2 of 5
The secretion of this gland enhances a sympathetic response.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adrenal medulla. The adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline, which are hormones that enhance the sympathetic response of the body. This response includes increased heart rate, dilation of airways, and increased blood flow to muscles. The other choices, B: Pancreas, C: Adrenal cortex, and D: Parathyroid, do not directly enhance sympathetic responses. The pancreas regulates blood sugar levels, the adrenal cortex produces cortisol and aldosterone, and the parathyroid regulates calcium levels. Therefore, only the adrenal medulla directly contributes to the sympathetic response, making it the correct choice.
Question 3 of 5
What is the most critical need for the child with newly diagnosed cretinism?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Replacement dose of thyroid hormones. In newly diagnosed cretinism, there is a deficiency of thyroid hormones, leading to developmental delays and other health issues. Administering replacement thyroid hormones is crucial to normalize hormone levels and support proper growth and development. Thyroidectomy (choice A) is not necessary in this case as the goal is to supplement the missing hormones. Option B, the administration of radioactive iodine cocktail, is used to treat hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism. Choice D, replacement dose of calcitonin, is not relevant as calcitonin is involved in calcium regulation, not thyroid hormone production. Thus, the most critical need for the child with newly diagnosed cretinism is the replacement dose of thyroid hormones to address the underlying hormonal deficiency.
Question 4 of 5
The “melting of flesh into urine,†an old-timey name, is most descriptive of untreated:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: diabetes mellitus. This term describes the breakdown of body tissues for energy due to lack of insulin, leading to the production of ketones in the urine. In diabetes mellitus, the body cannot use glucose properly, causing the breakdown of fats and proteins. Addison's disease (B) involves adrenal insufficiency, not tissue breakdown. Diabetes insipidus (C) is a disorder of water balance, not tissue breakdown. Cushing syndrome (D) is characterized by excess cortisol production, not tissue breakdown into urine.
Question 5 of 5
Which of these hormones is made by the posterior pituitary?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone). ADH is produced by the posterior pituitary gland and regulates water balance in the body by acting on the kidneys to reduce urine output. FSH, LH, and ACTH are produced by the anterior pituitary gland and have different functions related to reproductive health and stress response. The key to this question is knowing the specific hormones produced by the posterior pituitary gland, making D the correct choice.