ATI RN
Essential of Pediatric Nursing Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is most likely associated with a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) resulting from congenital heart disease?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Polycythemia, which is an abnormally elevated level of red blood cells in the blood, is commonly associated with congenital heart disease. In cases where there is a congenital heart defect that causes reduced oxygen levels in the blood, the body compensates by producing more red blood cells to try to improve oxygen delivery. This increased red blood cell production can lead to polycythemia. In turn, polycythemia can increase the risk of thrombosis, which is a known risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) or strokes. Therefore, polycythemia is most likely associated with a CVA resulting from congenital heart disease.
Question 2 of 5
In growing children, growth hormone deficiency results in short stature and very slow growth rates. Short stature may result from which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Short stature due to growth hormone deficiency commonly occurs as a result of anterior pituitary gland hypofunction. The anterior pituitary gland is responsible for releasing growth hormone, which is crucial for proper growth and development, especially during childhood. When there is a deficiency of growth hormone, children may experience slowed growth rates and ultimately result in short stature. Other gland dysfunctions mentioned in the choices, such as posterior pituitary gland hyperfunction, parathyroid gland hyperfunction, and thyroid gland hyperfunction, do not directly impact growth hormone production and are not associated with growth hormone deficiency-related short stature in children.
Question 3 of 5
A child with thalassemia was given deferoxamine (Desferal); which of the following should alert the nurse to notify the physician?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Deferoxamine is a chelating agent used to treat iron overload in patients such as those with thalassemia. One of the serious side effects of deferoxamine is ototoxicity, which can manifest as decreased hearing or ringing in the ears. Therefore, if a child with thalassemia who is taking deferoxamine experiences a decrease in hearing, the nurse should promptly notify the physician for further evaluation and possible adjustment of the treatment plan to prevent further hearing damage. Hypertension, red urine, and vomiting are possible side effects of deferoxamine, but decreased hearing is the most concerning side effect that requires immediate attention due to the risk of permanent damage.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following instructions would Nurse Courtney include in a teaching plan that focuses on initial prevention for Sheri who is diagnosed with rheumatic fever?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most appropriate instruction in a teaching plan focusing on initial prevention for Sheri, who is diagnosed with rheumatic fever, would be treating streptococcal throat infections with an antibiotic (Choice A). Rheumatic fever is often preceded by a group A streptococcal infection, such as strep throat. Prompt treatment of streptococcal infections with antibiotics can help prevent the development of rheumatic fever and its complications. Therefore, this instruction emphasizes the importance of treating the initial infection to prevent the occurrence of rheumatic fever in individuals like Sheri who are at risk. Choices B, C, and D are not specific to the initial prevention of rheumatic fever but may be more related to the management or treatment of established cases.
Question 5 of 5
When caring for a child that has undergone a tonsillectomy, the nurse should do which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When caring for a child that has undergone a tonsillectomy, the nurse should observe for continuous swallowing. Continuous swallowing may indicate bleeding, and it is important to monitor for this postoperatively as it can be a sign of hemorrhage, which is a potential complication following a tonsillectomy. Encouraging the child to take sips of clear fluids can help in assessing if there is bleeding. Observing for any signs of bleeding, such as frequent swallowing, along with monitoring vital signs and overall assessment, is crucial during the initial postoperative period.