ATI RN
ATI Proctored Pharmacology 2024 Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is most effective as a topical agent for a candida infection of the skin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cutaneous candidiasis needs topical antifungals. Griseofulvin treats dermatophytes orally, not candida topically. Beclometasone, a steroid, worsens fungal growth. Aciclovir targets herpes, not fungi. Amphotericin is IV for systemic use. Nystatin binds ergosterol in candida membranes, most effective topically for skin infections, widely used for its specificity and safety.
Question 2 of 5
Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs are used in children for disorders similar to those in adults. What adrenergic blocking agent is used during surgery for pheochromocytoma?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phentolamine is used during surgery for pheochromocytoma in children. Prazosin is used to treat hypertension in children. Propranolol and guanethidine are not indicated for use in children with a pheochromocytoma. The nurse should understand the indications for phentolamine to ensure safe and effective administration.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is most effective as a topical agent for a candida infection of the skin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cutaneous candidiasis needs topical antifungals. Griseofulvin treats dermatophytes orally, not candida topically. Beclometasone, a steroid, worsens fungal growth. Aciclovir targets herpes, not fungi. Amphotericin is IV for systemic use. Nystatin binds ergosterol in candida membranes, most effective topically for skin infections, widely used for its specificity and safety.
Question 4 of 5
A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus asks the nurse how metformin decreases blood sugar. What is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metformin primarily works by decreasing hepatic glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. It does not increase insulin resistance (B), block carbohydrate absorption (C), or stimulate insulin release (D). These mechanisms help lower blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Question 5 of 5
What decreases the renin angiotensin aldosterone system?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists work by blocking the action of angiotensin 2 on its receptors, therefore inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). By inhibiting this system, angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists help to decrease blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart. This is in contrast to ACE inhibitors, which also affect the RAAS but work by preventing the formation of angiotensin 2 in the first place. Beta blockers, such as propranolol, work by blocking the effects of adrenaline (epinephrine) on beta receptors, mainly in the heart. While they are commonly used to manage high blood pressure and reduce the heart rate, they do not directly decrease the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system like angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists.