Which of the following is information the nurse would be correct in giving the patient about smoking and its effect on BP?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Smoking is a known risk factor for hypertension. Chronic smoking leads to sustained elevation in blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction of the blood vessels, increasing heart rate, and promoting the formation of plaques in the arteries. This can contribute to the development of hypertension over time. Therefore, the nurse would be correct in informing the patient that smoking causes sustained elevation in blood pressure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most appropriate nursing instruction to manage a young male client with chronic tension headaches is counseling on alternate therapies. Chronic tension headaches can be caused or exacerbated by various factors such as stress, poor posture, eyestrain, or muscular tension. Counseling on alternate therapies can include techniques such as relaxation exercises, stress management strategies, mindfulness practices, physical therapy, or massage therapy. These alternative therapies can help the client manage stress, improve posture, and reduce muscle tension, which may help alleviate the frequency or intensity of tension headaches. It is important to explore non-pharmacological approaches before considering medication, especially for chronic conditions like tension headaches.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: After a lumbar puncture, it is important to have the patient lie flat for 6 to 8 hours to help prevent leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. Keeping the patient in this position can reduce the risk of developing a post-lumbar puncture headache. It allows the tiny hole created in the dura to seal properly and helps maintain proper cerebrospinal fluid pressure. This intervention is essential for the patient's safety and optimal recovery following a lumbar puncture procedure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse should advise the client and her family members to apply insect repellent to clothing and exposed skin to prevent insect bites in the future. Insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus are effective in repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and other insects that may cause bites. By regularly applying insect repellent, they can reduce the risk of getting bitten and prevent a recurrence of the ailment. Other preventive measures such as wearing long sleeves and pants, avoiding heavily wooded or grassy areas, and using screens on windows and doors can also be beneficial in preventing insect bites.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Levodopa is the antiparkinsonian drug associated with the on-off phenomenon and the wearing-off effect. The on-off phenomenon refers to the sudden and unpredictable fluctuations between periods of symptom control (on) and periods of symptom re-emergence (off) in patients with Parkinson's disease receiving levodopa therapy. This can happen as the disease progresses and the brain becomes less responsive to the medication.