Which of the following is inappropriate in collecting midstream clean-catch urine specimen for urine analysis?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The inappropriate action in collecting a midstream clean-catch urine specimen for urine analysis is to collect only 5 to 10 ml of urine. Adequate urine volume of 30 to 60 ml is required for accurate testing. Collecting a small amount like 5 to 10 ml may lead to inaccurate results due to insufficient sample size. It is crucial to follow proper collection techniques, such as discarding the first flow of urine, performing perineal care, and collecting an adequate volume, to ensure reliable test results.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) St. John's Wort. St. John's Wort is known to induce liver enzymes, particularly CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein, which can accelerate the metabolism of certain drugs, including oral contraceptives and antidepressants. This interaction can lead to decreased effectiveness of these medications, potentially resulting in treatment failure or reduced therapeutic benefits. Option A) Iron supplement is not the correct answer because iron supplements do not typically have significant interactions with antidepressants or oral contraceptives. Option B) Garlic is also not the correct answer in this context. While garlic can interact with certain medications, it is not specifically known to interact with antidepressants or oral contraceptives in the same way that St. John's Wort does. Option C) Green tea is not the correct answer either. Green tea is generally considered safe and does not typically have significant interactions with antidepressants or oral contraceptives. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses to be aware of potential drug-herb interactions to ensure the safety and effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for clients. Providing accurate information and counseling on the use of herbal supplements can help prevent adverse effects and optimize patient outcomes. Nurses should always assess for the concurrent use of herbs and medications and educate clients on the importance of discussing all supplements with healthcare providers to avoid harmful interactions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Clinical dietitians and pharmacists are the key members of the healthcare team responsible for monitoring drug-nutrient interactions. Clinical dietitians assess patients' nutritional needs and develop appropriate diets that consider medication effects, while pharmacists provide expertise on medications and their interactions with nutrients. Physicians and nurses are essential healthcare providers but typically do not have the specialized knowledge required to manage drug-nutrient interactions, making choices A, B, and C incorrect.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy to help digestion. In cystic fibrosis, pancreatic insufficiency leads to the malabsorption of nutrients, making it essential for patients to take pancreatic enzymes to aid in digestion. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because a low-fat diet may not provide adequate nutrition for cystic fibrosis patients, a low-sodium diet is not the primary focus of nutrition therapy in cystic fibrosis, and a high-fiber diet may exacerbate gastrointestinal symptoms due to malabsorption.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Patients with gallbladder disease should reduce their intake of fat because high-fat foods can trigger gallbladder symptoms such as pain and indigestion. While proteins, sodium, and cholesterol may also need to be moderated for overall health, reducing fat intake is particularly crucial for managing gallbladder issues.