Which of the following is full opioid agonist

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Methadone. Methadone is a full opioid agonist because it activates opioid receptors fully, resulting in analgesia and other opioid effects. Methadone is used for opioid dependence treatment due to its agonistic properties. Buprenorphine (B) is a partial agonist with less intrinsic activity than full agonists. Naloxone (C) is an opioid antagonist used for opioid overdose reversal. Flumazenil (D) is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, not an opioid agonist. In summary, methadone is the correct choice as it is a full opioid agonist compared to the other options with different mechanisms of action.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Prostacyclin is a vasodilator, so it causes vasodilation, not vasoconstriction. 2. Prostacyclin inhibits platelet aggregation, so it does not promote it. 3. Prostacyclin helps decrease blood pressure by promoting vasodilation. 4. Prostacyclin is synthesized from vascular endothelium, making choice D the correct answer. Summary: A: Incorrect - Prostacyclin causes vasodilation, not vasoconstriction. B: Incorrect - Prostacyclin inhibits platelet aggregation, not promotes it. C: Incorrect - Prostacyclin helps decrease blood pressure, not increase it. D: Correct - Prostacyclin is synthesized from vascular endothelium.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Chills. The four classic signs of inflammation are warmth, redness, swelling, and pain. Chills are not a direct result of inflammation but rather a response to fever or infection. Warmth, redness, and swelling are caused by increased blood flow to the affected area, leading to dilation of blood vessels and leakage of fluid into the tissues. Chills typically occur as a response to a systemic infection and are not specific to inflammation at a localized site.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Platelet aggregation is a complex process involving various mediators. Prostaglandins and thromboxane are both derived from arachidonic acid and play crucial roles. Thromboxane promotes platelet aggregation by stimulating vasoconstriction and platelet activation. Prostaglandins also contribute to platelet aggregation by enhancing thromboxane synthesis and promoting platelet adhesion. Prostacyclin, on the other hand, inhibits platelet aggregation by inducing vasodilation and inhibiting platelet activation. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as both prostaglandins and thromboxane promote platelet aggregation. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not capture the dual role of prostaglandins and thromboxane in platelet aggregation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Correct Answer: D - Vecuronium Rationale: Vecuronium is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent that blocks the action of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, preventing muscle contraction. It does not directly cause muscle contractions or twitching. Summary: A: Acetylcholine - Stimulates muscle contraction by binding to receptors at the neuromuscular junction. B: Strychnine - Enhances spinal reflexes leading to muscle twitches and spasms. C: Succinylcholine - Acts as a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker, leading to muscle contractions.