ATI RN
NCLEX Questions on Gastrointestinal Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is correct:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Choice A: The center of defecation (Parasympathetic and anal reflexes) is in the sacral segments. In the defecation process, the sacral segments of the spinal cord play a crucial role in coordinating the parasympathetic and anal reflexes that control bowel movements. This is supported by the fact that damage to the sacral segments can lead to bowel dysfunction, such as in spinal cord injuries affecting these segments. The sacral segments are specifically responsible for regulating the relaxation of the internal anal sphincter and contraction of the rectum during defecation. Summary of Other Choices: B: Voluntary control of defecation is located in the medulla. This is incorrect as voluntary control of defecation is primarily regulated by higher brain centers, such as the cerebral cortex, and not in the medulla. C: The center for swallowing reflex is at the level of the spinal cord. This is incorrect as the center for the
Question 2 of 5
Where does the absorption of most nutrients, including amino acids and fatty acids, primarily occur in the digestive system?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Small intestine. The small intestine is where most of the absorption of nutrients, such as amino acids and fatty acids, occurs. This is because the small intestine contains villi and microvilli, which increase the surface area for absorption. Additionally, the small intestine secretes enzymes and bile to break down nutrients into smaller molecules for absorption. The stomach primarily aids in digestion, the large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes, and the esophagus is a passageway for food to reach the stomach.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is being admitted for bariatric surgery. Which nursing action can the nurse delegate to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because planning methods for turning the patient after surgery is a task that can be safely delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). This task does not require specialized nursing knowledge or assessment skills. The nurse can provide clear instructions and guidelines for turning the patient to prevent complications such as pressure ulcers. Choices A, C, and D involve tasks that require specialized nursing knowledge and skills. Demonstrating the use of the incentive spirometer (A) requires knowledge of respiratory care, assisting with IV insertion (C) involves aseptic technique and assessment skills, and developing strategies to provide privacy (D) involves patient-centered care and communication skills.
Question 4 of 5
A patient who has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is experiencing increasing discomfort. Which patient statement to the nurse indicates that additional teaching about GERD is needed?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because having a bedtime snack can worsen GERD symptoms by increasing stomach acid production. Eating close to bedtime can also lead to reflux when lying down. A patient with GERD should avoid eating 2-3 hours before bedtime. Choices A, C, and D demonstrate good practices for managing GERD by avoiding triggers like smoking, taking antacids as prescribed, and elevating the head of the bed to prevent reflux.
Question 5 of 5
Which muscles constrict to prevent air from entering the esophagus during breathing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: superior constrictor. This muscle contracts to close off the upper part of the esophagus during breathing to prevent air from entering. The superior constrictor is located at the top of the esophagus near the pharynx. The middle and inferior constrictors are not involved in this function, as they mainly help in swallowing. The esophageal muscle is not responsible for preventing air entry into the esophagus during breathing. Therefore, the correct choice is A based on its anatomical location and function in preventing air passage.