ATI RN
The Basics of Bioethics Ethical Issues in Cancer Patient Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is considered a solution that contains molecules, such as proteins, that are too large to pass through the capillary membrane?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Colloid solution. Colloid solutions contain large molecules like proteins that are too big to pass through the capillary membrane. These large molecules create osmotic pressure, helping to retain fluid within the blood vessels. Hypertonic solutions (A) have higher solute concentration, hypotonic solutions (B) have lower solute concentration, and crystalloid solutions (C) contain small molecules that can easily pass through the capillary membrane.
Question 2 of 5
8-year-old child with no spinal fractures, legs feel funny, spinal cord injury diagnosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because spinal cord injuries can sometimes exist without visible fractures on x-ray studies. It is important to consider the possibility of spinal cord injury even in the absence of objective findings on x-ray. This is because spinal cord injuries can result from trauma that does not necessarily cause bony damage. Therefore, relying solely on x-ray studies to diagnose spinal cord injury may lead to missed or delayed diagnosis. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because central cord syndrome, MRI, and CT-scan are not definitive for ruling out spinal cord injury in the absence of visible fractures.
Question 3 of 5
Which one of the following statements concerning spine and spinal cord trauma is true?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because diaphragmatic breathing in an unconscious patient who has fallen is a sign of spine injury. This is due to the fact that unconscious patients rely on their diaphragm for breathing rather than their chest muscles, indicating potential spinal cord trauma affecting the chest muscles' innervation. A: A normal lateral c-spine film does not completely exclude injury, as some injuries may not be visible on imaging. B: Vertebral injury can occur without immediate physical findings of a cord injury. C: Immobilization on a short spine board may not be necessary for all patients with suspected spinal injury, as it depends on individual assessment.
Question 4 of 5
During primary and secondary survey, the patient injured by blunt trauma should be completely immobilized until:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because before removing immobilization, it is crucial to confirm the absence of a spinal fracture through x-ray. This ensures that any potential spinal injury is not worsened during movement. A is incorrect because the neurologic exam alone is not sufficient to determine spinal stability. B is incorrect as definitive care may not involve immediate removal of immobilization. C is incorrect as the ability to indicate no neck pain does not rule out a spinal fracture.
Question 5 of 5
A 14 year old female is brought to the ED after falling from a horse. She is immobilized on a long spine board with a hard collar and blocks. Cervical spine x-ray:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. In a stable patient without neck pain, neurological deficits, or midline tenderness, cervical spine x-rays are not necessary. This is because the clinical assessment is more reliable in ruling out cervical spine injury. Performing unnecessary x-rays exposes the patient to radiation without providing additional benefit. Additionally, immobilization in a hard collar and on a long spine board is already in place, and further imaging does not change the management in this scenario. Therefore, the most appropriate course of action is to rely on the clinical assessment criteria mentioned in choice C to guide management. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not align with current guidelines for cervical spine imaging in trauma patients.