Which of the following is considered a feature suggesting functional abdominal pain in children and adolescents

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Functional abdominal pain is a common condition in children and adolescents. The correct answer is D) Recurrent periumbilical pain. This is because functional abdominal pain is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain that is not associated with organic or structural abnormalities. Periumbilical pain is a common presentation of functional abdominal pain in pediatric patients. Option A) Dysphagia is difficulty swallowing, which is not typically associated with functional abdominal pain but rather with upper gastrointestinal issues. Option B) Deceleration of linear growth is more indicative of chronic conditions such as malnutrition or endocrine disorders, rather than functional abdominal pain. Option C) Nocturnal diarrhea is more commonly seen in conditions like inflammatory bowel disease or infections, rather than functional abdominal pain. Educationally, understanding the features of functional abdominal pain is crucial for healthcare providers who care for pediatric patients. Recognizing the distinguishing characteristics helps in making an accurate diagnosis and providing appropriate treatment, which may include reassurance, lifestyle modifications, and possibly behavioral therapies. It is important to differentiate functional abdominal pain from organic causes to prevent unnecessary tests and interventions, and to address the patient's symptoms effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile illness that primarily affects young children. One of the five principal clinical features of Kawasaki disease is bilateral bulbar conjunctival injection without exudate, which refers to the redness of the white part of the eyes without any discharge. This symptom is considered classic in Kawasaki disease and is an important diagnostic feature. Option A, aortic root enlargement, is not one of the five principal clinical features of Kawasaki disease. While cardiac complications can occur in Kawasaki disease, aortic root enlargement is not one of the initial diagnostic criteria. Option B, bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy (>2 cm in diameter), is another principal clinical feature of Kawasaki disease. Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck region are commonly seen in Kawasaki disease and are part of the diagnostic criteria. Option C, diarrhea, vomiting, or abdominal pain, are not specific features of Kawasaki disease. While gastrointestinal symptoms can occur in Kawasaki disease, they are not part of the principal clinical features used for diagnosis. In an educational context, understanding the key clinical features of Kawasaki disease is crucial for pediatric nurses to recognize and diagnose this condition promptly. By knowing the specific criteria, nurses can advocate for appropriate treatment and prevent potential complications associated with Kawasaki disease. This knowledge enhances the quality of care provided to pediatric patients and promotes positive health outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to have a deep understanding of drug contraindications to ensure the safety and well-being of young patients. In the context of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a condition characterized by abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, the drug contraindicated is Digitalis (Option C). Digitalis, also known as Digoxin, is a medication commonly used to treat heart conditions by slowing the heart rate and increasing the force of contractions. However, in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Digitalis can exacerbate the condition by increasing the force of myocardial contraction, leading to potential adverse effects like worsening of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and arrhythmias. Antibiotics (Option A) are not inherently contraindicated in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy unless there are specific drug interactions to consider. Diuretics (Option B) may actually be beneficial in managing fluid overload in these patients. Immunosuppressives (Option D) are not typically used in the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children. It is essential for pediatric nurses to be well-versed in pharmacology and understand the implications of drug therapy in various pediatric conditions. This knowledge helps in providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients, especially those with complex cardiac conditions like hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. By selecting the correct medication and being aware of contraindications, nurses can contribute to positive patient outcomes and prevent potential complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) 100%. The Ambu bag with reservoir gives an oxygen concentration of 100% because the reservoir bag allows for the accumulation of pure oxygen before it is delivered to the patient. This setup ensures that the patient receives a high concentration of oxygen with each ventilation, making it an effective tool in emergency situations where oxygenation is crucial. Option A) 60% is incorrect because the Ambu bag with reservoir is designed to deliver a higher concentration of oxygen, not 60%. Option B) 50% is incorrect because the Ambu bag with reservoir is capable of providing a higher concentration of oxygen than 50%. Option D) 40% is incorrect as the Ambu bag with reservoir is designed to deliver a concentration of oxygen higher than 40%. In a pediatric nursing context, understanding the correct oxygen concentration delivered by equipment like the Ambu bag with reservoir is vital for providing effective care to critically ill children. The ability to deliver 100% oxygen can be life-saving in situations where oxygenation is compromised. This knowledge ensures that pediatric nurses can quickly and accurately administer the appropriate oxygen therapy to their patients, optimizing outcomes and promoting positive patient experiences.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric basic life support, achieving an open airway is crucial for optimal oxygenation and ventilation, especially in emergency situations like a car accident. The correct answer, option D - Jaw thrust, is the most appropriate technique for a 5-year-old child in this scenario. The jaw thrust maneuver is preferred in pediatric patients with suspected cervical spine injuries, as it allows for maintaining cervical spine alignment while opening the airway by displacing the mandible forward. This reduces the risk of exacerbating any potential spinal cord injury that may have occurred during the car accident. Option A - Head tilt and chin lift with neck extended, and Option B - Head tilt and chin lift with neck neutral, are techniques used in adults or conscious pediatric patients without suspected spinal injuries. However, in this case, these maneuvers could potentially worsen the child's condition by compromising spinal alignment. Option C - Abdominal thrust, also known as the Heimlich maneuver, is used for choking emergencies and is not appropriate for airway management in an unconscious child with a potential spinal injury. It is essential for healthcare providers, especially pediatric nurses, to be well-versed in the correct airway management techniques for different age groups and clinical scenarios to provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients in emergencies. Regular training and practice of pediatric basic life support skills are crucial to ensure readiness and competence in managing such critical situations.