Which of the following is considered a feature suggesting functional abdominal pain in children and adolescents

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Functional abdominal pain is a common complaint in pediatric patients, and recognizing its features is crucial for effective nursing care. The correct answer is D) Recurrent periumbilical pain. This symptom is characteristic of functional abdominal pain and is often described as a central, intermittent pain around the umbilicus. Children with functional abdominal pain typically have normal growth patterns and no alarming symptoms like weight loss or vomiting blood, making deceleration of linear growth (B) and dysphagia (A) less likely. Nocturnal diarrhea (C) is not a typical feature of functional abdominal pain and may suggest other gastrointestinal issues. Educationally, understanding the distinguishing features of functional abdominal pain helps pediatric nurses provide appropriate care, alleviate patient anxiety, and educate families on managing the condition. By knowing the correct symptoms, nurses can guide treatment strategies, such as reassurance, dietary modifications, and stress management techniques, to improve the child's quality of life. Recognizing and differentiating these symptoms also prevent unnecessary tests and treatments, promoting cost-effective and patient-centered care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Bilateral bulbar conjunctival injection without exudate. This is one of the five principal clinical features of Kawasaki disease. Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile illness that primarily affects children under the age of 5. The presence of bilateral bulbar conjunctival injection without exudate is a key diagnostic criterion for Kawasaki disease. Option A) Aortic root enlargement is a possible complication of Kawasaki disease, but it is not one of the five principal clinical features used for diagnosis. Option B) Bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy (>2 cm in diameter) is another principal clinical feature of Kawasaki disease, along with fever, rash, changes in the extremities, and changes in the oral mucosa. Option C) Diarrhea, vomiting, or abdominal pain are nonspecific symptoms and not considered principal clinical features of Kawasaki disease. Educationally, understanding the key clinical features of Kawasaki disease is crucial for early recognition and appropriate management to prevent serious complications such as coronary artery aneurysms. Nurses caring for pediatric patients must be knowledgeable about the diagnostic criteria and clinical manifestations of Kawasaki disease to provide timely and effective care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand the contraindications of certain drugs in specific conditions to ensure safe and effective care for children. In the case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the drug contraindicated is Digitalis (Option C). The rationale behind why Digitalis is contraindicated in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy lies in its mechanism of action. Digitalis, also known as Digoxin, works by increasing the force of the heart's contractions. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle is already thickened, and using Digitalis can further worsen the condition by increasing the workload on the heart, potentially leading to adverse events like arrhythmias or heart failure. Examining the other options: - Antibiotics (Option A): Antibiotics are not specifically contraindicated in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy unless there are underlying allergies or specific drug interactions to consider. - Diuretics (Option B): Diuretics can actually be beneficial in managing fluid overload in certain cardiac conditions, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. - Immunosuppressives (Option D): While not typically used in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, they are not specifically contraindicated solely based on this diagnosis. Educationally, understanding drug contraindications in pediatric patients with specific conditions like hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is essential for safe medication administration and optimal patient outcomes. It highlights the importance of tailored and evidence-based care for pediatric populations to prevent potential harm and promote healing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) 100%. The Ambu bag with reservoir provides 100% oxygen concentration because it allows for the delivery of high flow rates of oxygen to the patient, ensuring they receive the maximum amount of oxygen possible during resuscitation or ventilation efforts. This is crucial in pediatric emergencies where oxygenation is vital for sustaining life. Option A) 60% is incorrect because the Ambu bag with reservoir is designed to deliver higher concentrations of oxygen than 60%. Option B) 50% is also incorrect as it is below the standard oxygen concentration provided by the Ambu bag with reservoir. Option D) 40% is incorrect as well for the same reason. In an educational context, understanding the oxygen concentration delivered by different devices is essential for pediatric nurses who are responsible for the care of critically ill children. Knowing the specific oxygen concentrations of devices like the Ambu bag with reservoir ensures that nurses can provide appropriate and effective respiratory support to pediatric patients in need. This knowledge can make a significant difference in the outcomes of pediatric emergencies.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric basic life support, the correct way to achieve airway opening in a 5-year-old child with a car accident is through the jaw thrust maneuver, which is option D. The jaw thrust maneuver is preferred in cases of trauma to the head or neck, as it helps to maintain proper alignment of the cervical spine and reduces the risk of further injury. Option A, head tilt and chin lift with neck extended, is not the ideal choice in trauma situations as it can potentially worsen spinal injuries by moving the neck. Option B, head tilt and chin lift with neck neutral, may also not be the best choice in trauma cases as it does not provide the same level of protection to the cervical spine as the jaw thrust maneuver. Option C, abdominal thrust, is used to relieve choking in conscious individuals and is not relevant to opening the airway in a child involved in a car accident. Educationally, it is crucial for healthcare providers, especially pediatric nurses, to be well-versed in pediatric basic life support techniques to ensure proper care and support in emergency situations involving children. Understanding the rationale behind each technique and when to apply them is essential for providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients.