Which of the following is being used when the mother of a hospitalized child calls the student nurse and states, 'You idiot, you have no idea how to care for my sick child'?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Projection. Projection is a defense mechanism where an individual attributes their own unacceptable feelings or thoughts to another person. In this case, the mother is projecting her feelings of inadequacy or fear onto the student nurse by calling them an idiot and questioning their abilities. Option A) Displacement involves transferring emotions from their original source to a substitute target. It does not apply in this situation as the mother is not redirecting her feelings to the nurse, but rather projecting her own feelings onto them. Option C) Repression is the unconscious blocking of unacceptable thoughts or emotions. It is not applicable here as the mother is expressing her feelings openly rather than suppressing them. Option D) Psychosis refers to a severe mental disorder where thoughts and emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality. This option is not relevant to the situation described. In an educational context, understanding defense mechanisms like projection is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in nursing. It helps nurses interpret and manage challenging interactions with patients and their families, leading to better communication and care outcomes. By recognizing projection, nurses can respond empathetically and address underlying issues effectively, ultimately improving patient care and satisfaction.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a child with celiac disease experiencing a celiac crisis secondary to an upper respiratory infection, the nurse would expect to assess watery diarrhea (Option C). This is because celiac crisis is characterized by severe malabsorption and can be triggered by infections, leading to increased gastrointestinal symptoms like watery diarrhea. Option A, respiratory distress, is less likely in this scenario as the primary concern would be related to the gastrointestinal manifestations of celiac crisis rather than respiratory symptoms. Option B, lethargy, can be a symptom of celiac crisis but is more nonspecific and can be present in various conditions. It is not as directly associated with celiac crisis secondary to an upper respiratory infection. Option D, weight gain, would not be expected in a child experiencing a celiac crisis due to the malabsorption and resulting nutritional deficiencies that commonly occur in this condition. Educationally, understanding the specific manifestations of celiac disease, its complications such as celiac crisis, and how external factors like upper respiratory infections can exacerbate symptoms is crucial for nursing practice. This knowledge helps nurses provide appropriate care, anticipate complications, and educate patients and families effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric respiratory assessment, assessing a neonate's physical condition midway between feedings is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, assessing midway between feedings allows the nurse to evaluate the neonate in a state closer to baseline, as immediately after a feeding may introduce confounding factors such as regurgitation or changes in respiratory rate due to feeding. Secondly, assessing after a period of NPO for three hours might lead to an assessment during a time when the neonate is hungry or distressed, impacting the accuracy of the assessment. Lastly, assessing immediately before a feeding may not provide an accurate representation of the neonate's overall respiratory status as they may be more focused on feeding cues rather than exhibiting typical respiratory patterns. Educationally, understanding the timing of assessments in pediatric respiratory care is crucial for nurses to provide accurate and effective care to neonates. By assessing the neonate's physical condition midway between feedings, nurses can obtain a more reliable baseline for respiratory assessment, which is essential for early detection of any respiratory distress or abnormalities in neonates. This practice helps in ensuring optimal care and monitoring of neonates in the healthcare setting.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Social and physical activities. The Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) is a tool used to assess a child's developmental progress in key areas such as social, physical, language, and fine motor skills. By administering this test to a five-month-old infant, the nurse aims to evaluate the infant's developmental milestones in these areas to ensure appropriate growth and development. Option A) Intelligence quotient is incorrect because the DDST does not measure intelligence but rather focuses on developmental milestones specific to infants and young children. Option B) Emotional development is incorrect as the DDST primarily assesses physical and social skills rather than emotional development. Option D) Pre-disposition to genetic and allergic illnesses is incorrect as this test is not designed to assess genetic or allergic predispositions but rather developmental progress. Educationally, understanding the purpose and scope of developmental screening tests like the DDST is essential for healthcare providers working with infants and children. It allows for early identification of developmental delays or concerns, enabling timely interventions and support for optimal growth and development.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Offer new foods one at a time. This approach is recommended to help identify any potential food allergies or intolerances in the infant. By introducing one new food at a time, the mother can observe the baby's reaction and monitor for any signs of allergic reactions or digestive issues. This method also helps in determining if a specific food is causing the baby to spit out the food, allowing for easier identification and elimination of offending foods. Option A) Mix new foods with formula may not be ideal as it can mask the taste of the new food, making it difficult to identify if the baby is rejecting a particular food. Option B) Mix new foods with more familiar foods may not allow for the baby to develop a taste for different flavors and textures, potentially limiting their palate and food preferences in the future. Option D) Offer new foods after formula has been offered does not address the need for introducing one food at a time to monitor for adverse reactions or identify specific food preferences of the baby. In an educational context, teaching parents the importance of introducing new foods one at a time can help promote healthy eating habits, identify food allergies early, and encourage the development of a diverse palate in infants. It is crucial for nurses to educate parents on proper feeding practices to support optimal growth and development in children.