Which of the following is an opening in the large bowel created by bringing a section of the large intestine out to the abdomen and fashioning a stoma?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Colostomy. A colostomy is an opening in the large bowel created by bringing a section of the large intestine out to the abdomen to form a stoma. This procedure is typically done to divert stool in cases of colorectal diseases or surgeries. A: Continent ileostomy - This choice is incorrect because a continent ileostomy involves creating a pouch inside the body to collect waste, rather than bringing a section of the large intestine out to the abdomen. C: Ileostomy - This choice is incorrect because an ileostomy involves bringing the end of the small intestine out to the abdomen to create a stoma, not a section of the large intestine. D: Ileoanal reservoir - This choice is incorrect as it refers to a surgical procedure where the colon and rectum are removed, and a pouch is created from the small intestine to restore bowel function, not to create a stoma in the large bowel.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lipectomy. This procedure involves the removal of excess fat tissue, which can help the patient achieve weight loss. In contrast, options C and D are bariatric surgeries, which are not solely focused on fat removal and may not be suitable for this patient given her age and medical history. Option A, a combination of restrictive and malabsorptive surgery, may pose higher risks for complications in a severely obese patient with diabetes. Lipectomy is a more targeted and less invasive approach to weight loss, making it the most appropriate choice in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Acute gastritis. This type of gastritis is most likely to occur in a college student after an isolated drinking binge due to the irritation caused by excessive alcohol consumption on the stomach lining. The rapid onset of symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain align with acute gastritis. Chronic gastritis (B) develops over time with prolonged irritation, not from a one-time binge. Helicobacter pylori gastritis (C) is typically associated with a bacterial infection rather than alcohol consumption. Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (D) is a chronic condition associated with autoimmune reactions, not acute alcohol-induced irritation as seen in this scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, dried beans. Dried beans have one of the highest dietary fiber contents among all the options provided. Fiber helps promote regular bowel movements and prevent constipation. Dried beans are also a good source of nutrients and low in fat. Peaches (A) have fiber but not as high as dried beans. Popcorn (B) has some fiber, but it is lower compared to dried beans. Shredded wheat (D) is a good source of fiber, but dried beans have a higher fiber content.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: dietary intake. This is crucial in colorectal cancer management as certain dietary factors can influence the risk of developing or exacerbating the condition. High intake of red and processed meats, low fiber intake, and obesity are known risk factors. Asking about dietary intake helps assess the patient's risk profile and allows for tailored interventions. Explanation for other choices: B: Sports involvement is not directly related to colorectal cancer risk factors. C: Environmental exposure to carcinogens may be relevant in other types of cancer, but it is not a primary risk factor for colorectal cancer. D: Long-term use of NSAIDs is more relevant in preventing colorectal cancer rather than obtaining a history from a patient already diagnosed with the condition.