ATI RN
Nurses and Infection Control Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is an example of the body’s defense against infection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Immune response. The immune system is the body's defense mechanism against infections. It recognizes and fights off pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances. The immune response involves various cells and proteins working together to neutralize and eliminate the invading pathogens. Racial characteristics (A) and body shape and size (B) are not directly related to the body's defense against infections. Level of susceptibility (D) may influence an individual's likelihood of getting infected but does not represent an active defense mechanism like the immune response does.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client with a serious bacterial infection. The client is dehydrated. Knowledge of the physical effects of the infection would support which of the following nursing diagnoses?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Risk for Imbalanced Body Temperature. When a client has a serious bacterial infection, the body's response includes fever, which can lead to an imbalance in body temperature regulation. Dehydration can exacerbate this issue. Nursing diagnosis C is the most appropriate as it directly relates to the physical effects of the infection, helping the nurse anticipate and address potential complications. Choice A, High Risk for Infection, is not the best choice as the client already has a bacterial infection, so the risk is not high but rather already present. Choice B, Excess Fluid Volume, is unlikely in a dehydrated client. Choice D, Risk for Latex Allergy Response, is not related to the physical effects of the bacterial infection and dehydration.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is positioning a sterile drape to extend the working area when performing a urinary catheterization. Which of the following is an appropriate technique for this procedure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because using sterile gloves to handle the entire drape surface ensures the sterility of the working area during the urinary catheterization procedure. By using sterile gloves, the nurse maintains aseptic technique and prevents contamination of the sterile field. Choice B is incorrect because folding the lower edges of the drape over the sterile-gloved hands may lead to contamination of the sterile field as the gloves are not in direct contact with the drape surface. Choice C is incorrect because touching only the outer two inches of the drape when not wearing sterile gloves does not ensure complete sterility and may still lead to contamination of the working area. Choice D is incorrect because allowing clothing to touch the drape can introduce contaminants to the sterile field, compromising the aseptic technique required for the procedure.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following statements about glove use and hand hygiene is true?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Artificial fingernails harbor bacteria and can increase the risk of infection transmission. Step 2: Direct client care involves close contact, making it crucial to minimize bacterial transmission. Step 3: Avoiding artificial fingernails helps maintain proper hand hygiene practices. Step 4: Therefore, option A is correct. Summary: Option B is incorrect because nonsterile gloves should not be decontaminated and reused between clients. Option C is incorrect as handwashing is necessary after restroom use. Option D is incorrect since sterile gloves do not eliminate the need for hand hygiene.
Question 5 of 5
The patient experienced a surgical procedure, and Betadine was utilized as the surgical prep. Two days postoperatively, the nurse’s assessment indicates that the incision is red and has a small amount of purulent drainage. The patient reports tenderness at the incision site. The patient’s temperature is 100.5° F, and the WBC is 10,500/mm3. Which action should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Utilize SBAR to notify the primary health care provider. This is the first action the nurse should take because the patient is exhibiting signs of a surgical site infection (redness, purulent drainage, tenderness, elevated temperature, and increased WBC count), which requires immediate attention from the healthcare provider for further evaluation and management. Notifying the provider promptly allows for timely intervention to prevent complications. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect: A: Planning to change the surgical dressing during the shift is not the priority as the patient's symptoms indicate a potential infection that needs immediate attention. C: Reevaluating the temperature and WBC count in 4 hours delays necessary intervention for a suspected infection. D: Checking the solution used for skin preparation in surgery is not urgent compared to notifying the provider about the concerning signs of infection.