Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention in public health?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Tertiary prevention focuses on managing and improving the health of individuals already affected by a disease or condition. Providing rehabilitation services for individuals with heart disease falls under tertiary prevention as it aims to help manage the condition and prevent complications. A: Promoting regular exercise to prevent obesity is an example of primary prevention, aiming to prevent the development of obesity. B: Screening for early signs of diabetes is an example of secondary prevention, focusing on early detection and treatment to prevent the progression of the disease. D: Offering vaccination clinics to prevent disease outbreaks is an example of primary prevention, aiming to prevent the occurrence of diseases through immunization.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because organizing a community-wide health fair aligns with the principles of community-based health promotion. This intervention targets the entire community, raises awareness, and encourages participation in health-promoting activities. It focuses on prevention and empowerment at a population level. A: Providing individual counseling in a clinic setting is more focused on individual-level care rather than community-wide intervention. C: Conducting a health needs assessment for a specific patient population is important but doesn't directly involve a community-wide approach. D: Providing health education in a hospital setting to individuals with specific conditions is beneficial but lacks the community-wide aspect of a comprehensive health promotion intervention.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because screening for early signs of depression and anxiety is a secondary prevention strategy aiming to detect mental health issues at an early stage to prevent their progression. It focuses on identifying individuals who may be at risk and intervening before the problem worsens. Offering counseling services (A) is a tertiary prevention strategy for those already diagnosed. Providing stress management education (B) is a primary prevention strategy to prevent mental health issues from developing. Promoting mental health awareness campaigns (C) is also a primary prevention strategy to promote mental well-being in the community but does not specifically target early detection of mental health issues.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lack of insurance coverage. In low-income communities, lack of insurance can be a significant barrier to accessing health care due to financial constraints. Without insurance, individuals may struggle to afford medical services and medications. This leads to delays in seeking care and can result in worse health outcomes. B: Availability of health care services is not the most common barrier in low-income communities, as there may be clinics or community health centers available, but individuals may still face challenges due to lack of insurance. C: High levels of health literacy, while important, are not typically a common barrier to accessing health care in low-income communities. It may affect understanding of health information but is not as critical as lack of insurance. D: Access to quality health care professionals, though important, is not the primary barrier in low-income communities. Even with access to professionals, individuals without insurance may struggle to afford their services.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer, C, is the best description of a community health intervention aimed at improving nutrition because promoting healthy eating in schools through educational programs targets a broad population and can have a long-lasting impact on individuals' dietary habits. This intervention reaches a larger group of individuals, including children, and addresses the root cause of poor nutrition by educating and instilling healthy eating habits early on. Incorrect answers: A: Offering nutrition counseling to individuals with chronic diseases is a targeted approach and may not reach a wide population or address the broader issue of nutrition in the community. B: Providing free healthy meals to low-income families is beneficial, but it may not address the underlying causes of poor nutrition or promote sustainable behavior change. D: Providing weight loss programs to individuals with obesity is more focused on weight management rather than overall nutrition improvement for the community.