Which of the following is an example of primary prevention in community health?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because providing flu vaccinations is a form of primary prevention that aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease before it occurs. This intervention targets the entire population, reducing the risk of flu outbreaks. Screening for early signs of depression (B) is a form of secondary prevention, focusing on early detection and intervention. Offering counseling to individuals with mental health issues (C) is tertiary prevention, aimed at managing existing conditions. Teaching handwashing techniques (D) to prevent infection spread is considered primary prevention, but flu vaccination is a more effective and targeted approach in community health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it demonstrates a health disparity based on socioeconomic status. Low-income communities often lack access to healthcare, healthy food, and resources for managing diabetes. This leads to higher rates of diabetes compared to more affluent areas. Choices A, C, and D do not specifically illustrate disparities related to social determinants of health, making them incorrect. A is about individual lifestyle choices, C is related to age, and D is about a common association between asthma and allergies, not a disparity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assessment. Assessment is the first step in the nursing process as it involves gathering data about the patient's health status, needs, and concerns. This step sets the foundation for the rest of the process by providing essential information for making informed decisions. Diagnosis (B) follows assessment and involves analyzing the data collected. Planning (C) comes next, where goals and interventions are determined based on the assessment and diagnosis. Implementation (D) is the final step, where the care plan is put into action. Therefore, Assessment is the initial and critical step in the nursing process.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, high availability of health care services. In a SWOT analysis, strengths are internal factors that provide an advantage. High availability of health care services is a strength as it indicates easy access to healthcare resources, improving overall community health outcomes. A: High rates of chronic disease are a weakness as it highlights health issues within the community. C: Low rates of health insurance coverage are a weakness as it signifies financial barriers to healthcare access. D: Lack of physical activity programs is a weakness as it indicates a lack of preventive health measures. In summary, B is the correct choice as it aligns with the definition of a strength in a SWOT analysis, while the other options represent weaknesses.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why organizing group walks for community members (Choice A) is the most effective strategy: 1. Encourages social interaction and support, motivating individuals to participate. 2. Fosters a sense of community and belonging, making physical activity more enjoyable and sustainable. 3. Removes financial barriers as it is a cost-effective and accessible option for all community members. 4. Provides accountability and motivation through group participation. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B: Providing free gym memberships may not address other barriers such as transportation or time constraints. C: Conducting a survey is important but may not directly promote physical activity. D: Education is valuable but may not translate into actual behavior change without practical implementation strategies.