Which of the following is an example of an environmental factor that could influence decision-making in nursing?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the choices (A, B, C) are examples of environmental factors that can influence decision-making in nursing. Personal preferences can affect how a nurse chooses a treatment plan. Ethical considerations impact decisions regarding patient care. The availability of resources, such as staffing or medical supplies, can constrain decision-making. Therefore, considering all these factors collectively (personal preferences, ethical considerations, and availability of resources) is crucial in making informed nursing decisions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Expertise. Professionalism is often associated with possessing a high level of expertise or specialized knowledge in a particular field. This expertise allows professionals to perform their duties effectively and competently. Early definitions of professionalism emphasized the importance of possessing the necessary skills and knowledge to excel in one's profession. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while empathy, ethical and moral values, and honesty are important characteristics of professionalism, they are not the defining factors. Empathy, ethics, and honesty are crucial components of professional behavior, but without expertise, a professional may not be able to effectively fulfill their responsibilities in their chosen field.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct: 1. Careful assessment helps in understanding the client's condition and needs. 2. Documenting client status provides evidence of the care provided. 3. It ensures that necessary actions are taken promptly to prevent negligence. 4. Documentation serves as legal protection against false imprisonment accusations. Summary: - Choice B is about data security, not directly related to preventing negligence and false imprisonment. - Choice C focuses on accurate documentation but lacks the emphasis on assessment. - Choice D is vague and does not specifically address the legal aspects of negligence and false imprisonment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because nursing ethics primarily concern the ethical principles, duties, and rules of behavior that guide professional nurses in their practice. This includes aspects such as patient confidentiality, informed consent, and beneficence. A is incorrect because nursing ethics are not limited to the organizational level but extend to individual actions within the profession. C is incorrect as while moral character is important, nursing ethics are more about professional responsibilities and conduct. D is incorrect because while the experiences and needs of nurses are important, nursing ethics are primarily about how nurses interact with patients, families, and colleagues.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Create tension among nurses. Collective bargaining involves negotiation between labor unions and employers, which can lead to disagreements and conflicts among nurses over issues such as wages, working conditions, and benefits. This tension is a common concern as it can impact unity and collaboration within the nursing workforce. Summary: B: Reform health care - This is incorrect as collective bargaining focuses on labor relations, not healthcare reform. C: Secure economic security - This is incorrect as securing economic security is one of the goals of collective bargaining, not a concern. D: Unite the nurses - This is incorrect as collective bargaining can sometimes lead to division and tension among nurses rather than uniting them.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Battery. Battery refers to the intentional harmful or offensive touching of another person without consent. In this case, performing the surgery without obtaining informed consent from the client constitutes battery. The lack of signed consent implies the client did not agree to the procedure, making it an unauthorized touching. This is a clear violation of the client's rights and can lead to a charge of battery. False imprisonment (A) involves restricting someone's freedom of movement unlawfully, which is not applicable here. Libel (B) refers to written defamation, which is not relevant to the situation. Malpractice (D) involves professional negligence in providing healthcare, not obtaining consent before surgery would fall under battery rather than malpractice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Physical therapy for stroke patients, as it falls under tertiary prevention aimed at reducing the impact of a disease or disability. Physical therapy helps stroke patients regain function and improve quality of life post-onset. A: Administering immunizations is an example of primary prevention, preventing a disease from occurring. C: Routine health screenings are a form of secondary prevention, detecting diseases early to prevent progression. D: Health education campaigns can be both primary (preventing disease occurrence) or secondary prevention (early detection).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Patient autonomy. Patient-centered care emphasizes the importance of involving patients in their own healthcare decisions, respecting their preferences, values, and needs. This principle ensures that patients are active participants in their care, leading to improved health outcomes and patient satisfaction. Incorrect choices: A: Healthcare provider satisfaction - While important, patient-centered care focuses on the patient's experience and outcomes rather than the provider's satisfaction. B: Cost reduction - While costs are a consideration in healthcare delivery, patient-centered care prioritizes the patient's well-being over cost savings. D: Provider convenience - Patient-centered care does not prioritize provider convenience; instead, it prioritizes meeting the individual needs and preferences of the patient.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Complete an incident report. This is because completing an incident report is crucial for documenting the details of the injury, initiating an investigation, and implementing preventive measures. Notifying security (A) is important for immediate assistance. Notifying the nursing supervisor (C) ensures appropriate follow-up care. Ensuring staff has been examined (D) is essential for assessing and treating injuries. Completing an incident report is a standard protocol in healthcare settings to ensure proper documentation and accountability.