Which of the following is an example of an environmental factor that could influence decision-making in nursing?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the choices (A, B, C) are examples of environmental factors that can influence decision-making in nursing. Personal preferences can affect how a nurse chooses a treatment plan. Ethical considerations impact decisions regarding patient care. The availability of resources, such as staffing or medical supplies, can constrain decision-making. Therefore, considering all these factors collectively (personal preferences, ethical considerations, and availability of resources) is crucial in making informed nursing decisions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Expertise. Professionalism is often associated with possessing a high level of expertise or specialized knowledge in a particular field. This expertise allows professionals to perform their duties effectively and competently. Early definitions of professionalism emphasized the importance of possessing the necessary skills and knowledge to excel in one's profession. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while empathy, ethical and moral values, and honesty are important characteristics of professionalism, they are not the defining factors. Empathy, ethics, and honesty are crucial components of professional behavior, but without expertise, a professional may not be able to effectively fulfill their responsibilities in their chosen field.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Performance. In a work environment, rewarding good performance encourages employees to excel and achieve organizational goals. Performance-based rewards motivate employees to work efficiently and effectively. Turnover (B) refers to the rate at which employees leave a company, which is not an ideal goal for a work environment. Strategies (C) are plans or approaches used to achieve objectives, but they are not the direct target of rewards. Stress (D) is a negative factor that should be minimized in a work environment, not rewarded.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it shows the client is willing to involve their partner in the learning process, indicating readiness for education. Involving a partner can enhance support and understanding, leading to better adherence. A: Time preference does not directly relate to readiness to learn about insulin. B: Difficulty reading instructions due to glasses is a practical issue, not an indicator of readiness. C: Expressing doubt or questioning the necessity of learning indicates potential resistance or lack of motivation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because ethical principles can indeed serve as the foundation for laws. Laws often reflect societal ethical values and principles. Ethical principles provide a moral framework that lawmakers may use to create laws that promote justice and fairness. By basing laws on ethical principles, societies aim to uphold shared values and promote good conduct. In contrast, A is incorrect as the government enforces laws, not ethics. B is incorrect because laws are legal rules, not ethical principles. C is incorrect as ethics are principles of right and wrong, not necessarily highly detailed.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Termination. This is not a suitable solution as it involves ending the nurse's employment, which is extreme and unnecessary. Resignation (A) is a personal choice, FMLA (B) provides job protection while caring for a family member, and LOA (D) offers a temporary leave of absence. Termination would not be appropriate as it negatively impacts the nurse's financial stability and career prospects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Network model. In this model, the HMO contracts with multiple IPAs, allowing members to choose from a wider network of physicians. This promotes flexibility and choice. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Staff model involves directly employing physicians, not contracting with IPAs. B: Point of service model allows members to go outside the network for care, not necessarily contracting with IPAs. D: Group model involves physicians working in a group practice, not IPAs.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: To coordinate long-term care services. Nurse case managers focus on coordinating and managing the long-term care needs of patients, ensuring continuity and quality of care. They work with healthcare providers, patients, and families to develop and implement care plans. Explanation: A: Providing direct patient care is typically the role of nurses, not specifically nurse case managers. B: Managing healthcare facilities is the responsibility of healthcare administrators, not nurse case managers. C: Advocating for patient rights is important but not the primary role of a nurse case manager; their focus is on coordinating care services.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Patient autonomy. Patient-centered care emphasizes the importance of involving patients in their own healthcare decisions, respecting their preferences, values, and needs. This principle ensures that patients are active participants in their care, leading to improved health outcomes and patient satisfaction. Incorrect choices: A: Healthcare provider satisfaction - While important, patient-centered care focuses on the patient's experience and outcomes rather than the provider's satisfaction. B: Cost reduction - While costs are a consideration in healthcare delivery, patient-centered care prioritizes the patient's well-being over cost savings. D: Provider convenience - Patient-centered care does not prioritize provider convenience; instead, it prioritizes meeting the individual needs and preferences of the patient.