Which of the following is an example of a social determinant of health?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Economic stability, as it directly influences access to healthcare, housing, education, and nutritious food, impacting overall health. Genetic predisposition (A) refers to inherited traits, not external factors. Personal health behaviors (B) are individual choices. Biological factors (C) focus on physical attributes, not societal influences. Economic stability (D) aligns with social determinants by addressing social, economic, and environmental factors that shape health outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat diseases at an early stage. 2. Health screenings help identify early signs of disease before symptoms appear. 3. Early detection allows for prompt intervention to prevent disease progression. 4. Administering immunizations (A) is an example of primary prevention. 5. Providing rehabilitation services (C) is an example of tertiary prevention. 6. Educating the public (D) focuses on promoting healthy behaviors, also a primary prevention strategy. Summary: Option B is correct as it aligns with the goal of secondary prevention by detecting diseases early. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they represent primary prevention, tertiary prevention, and health promotion strategies, respectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Social justice in health care focuses on addressing the root causes of health disparities. Step 2: By addressing social determinants like poverty, education, and housing, health equity can be achieved. Step 3: This approach aims to create fair opportunities for everyone to attain good health outcomes. Step 4: Choices A and B do not address the underlying social factors contributing to disparities. Step 5: Choice D, offering free services, may not address the systemic issues that lead to inequities.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: A community health assessment involves evaluating the overall health needs of a community, including social determinants and health disparities. Step 2: It considers factors such as demographics, health behaviors, access to care, and environmental health. Step 3: By conducting a comprehensive assessment, public health officials can identify priorities for intervention and allocate resources effectively. Step 4: Option A aligns with the process of assessing community health comprehensively. Summary: Options B, C, and D are incorrect because they focus on specific aspects (interventions, individual behaviors, and health care resources) rather than the holistic evaluation of a community's health needs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Paraplegia. Paraplegia refers to the paralysis of the lower half of the body, including both legs and often the trunk and pelvic organs. This term specifically indicates paralysis below the waist. Hemiplegia (A) refers to paralysis on one side of the body, not the trunk and legs. Tetraplegia (B) is paralysis of all four limbs and the trunk, not specifically the trunk, legs, and pelvic organs. Hemiparesis (D) is weakness on one side of the body, not a complete paralysis of the trunk, legs, and pelvic organs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Access to health care. Health disparities are predominantly influenced by unequal access to healthcare services, which can lead to differences in health outcomes among various populations. Limited access to healthcare can result in delayed or inadequate treatment, leading to poorer health outcomes. Lifestyle choices (B) and environmental factors (C) can contribute to health disparities, but access to healthcare plays a more significant role. Social support (D) is important for overall well-being but is not as closely linked to health disparities as access to healthcare.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Preventing the onset of disease. Health promotion activities aim to prevent diseases before they occur by promoting healthy behaviors and lifestyles. This primary focus helps individuals maintain good health and well-being. Detecting diseases early (B) is part of screening and early intervention, not the main focus of health promotion. Managing chronic conditions (C) is more about disease management than prevention. Providing treatment for existing conditions (D) is reactive rather than proactive in promoting health.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because risk is defined as the probability that an individual will develop a specific condition. This involves assessing the likelihood of an event occurring. Choice B focuses on the impact of a health condition, which is not the same as risk assessment. Choice C refers to the potential harm, but risk includes both the probability and potential consequences. Choice D is about exposure to health hazards, which is related to risk but doesn't fully encompass the concept. Therefore, option A best captures the essence of risk assessment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because advocating for policies that promote health equity addresses the root causes of health disparities at a systemic level, leading to sustainable change. Providing health education to individuals (A) is important but may not address underlying systemic issues. Conducting community health assessments (C) is a valuable tool but alone does not directly address health disparities. Offering free health screenings (D) may improve access to care but does not tackle the broader social determinants of health that contribute to disparities. Advocating for policies that promote health equity is the most effective way for a community health nurse to create lasting change and address health disparities comprehensively.