Which of the following is an example of a secondary prevention strategy in community health?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because screening for early signs of breast cancer is a secondary prevention strategy aimed at detecting the disease in its early stages to prevent progression and improve outcomes. This involves identifying individuals at risk and conducting regular screenings to detect cancer at an early, treatable stage. Other choices are incorrect - A is primary prevention as it focuses on preventing smoking initiation, C is primary prevention by preventing disease transmission, and D is a health promotion strategy for overall well-being, not specific disease prevention.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because promoting community gardens to increase access to fresh produce directly addresses the root cause of unhealthy eating habits by improving access to nutritious foods at a community level. This approach encourages sustainable healthy eating habits by making fresh produce readily available and promoting community engagement. Incorrect choices: A: Offering nutrition counseling to individuals with chronic diseases focuses on individual behavior change rather than community-wide impact. B: Providing free meals to low-income families addresses immediate food insecurity but does not necessarily promote long-term healthy eating habits. D: Offering cooking classes to teach healthy recipes targets skill-building at an individual level rather than addressing broader community factors influencing healthy eating.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Access to education directly impacts health outcomes by influencing knowledge, skills, and resources. 2. Education leads to better job opportunities, income, and access to healthcare. 3. It affects lifestyle choices, healthcare utilization, and overall well-being. 4. Social determinants like education address underlying causes of health disparities. Summary: A, physical activity, is a behavioral determinant. C, genetics, is a biological determinant. D, infectious disease rates, are health outcomes, not determinants.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Tertiary prevention aims to reduce the impact of established diseases by preventing complications and promoting rehabilitation. Providing rehabilitation services for individuals with disabilities is an example of tertiary prevention as it focuses on improving the quality of life and functional capacity of those already affected. Screenings (A) and vaccination clinics (D) are examples of primary and secondary prevention, respectively, as they aim to prevent the onset of disease or its progression. Promoting physical activity (B) falls under the category of primary prevention as it aims to prevent the occurrence of diseases by promoting healthy behaviors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Involving community members in decision-making and planning. This is a key principle of community empowerment because it promotes ownership, autonomy, and sustainability of community initiatives. By involving community members, it ensures that solutions are culturally appropriate, relevant, and effectively address the community's needs. Top-down direction (A) contradicts empowerment principles by disempowering the community. Delivering services based on individual needs (C) focuses on individual rather than community empowerment. Focusing on short-term solutions (D) does not address the root causes of community health issues. In summary, choice B is correct as it aligns with the principles of community empowerment, whereas the other choices do not.