ATI RN
Immune System Quiz Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is an example of a live attenuated bacterial vaccine?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Typhoid. Live attenuated vaccines contain weakened forms of the pathogen that can replicate in the host to stimulate a strong immune response without causing disease. Typhoid vaccine is an example of a live attenuated bacterial vaccine because it contains weakened Salmonella typhi bacteria. Cholera (A), Anthrax (C), and Plague (D) vaccines are not live attenuated bacterial vaccines; they are either killed/inactivated or subunit vaccines. Live attenuated vaccines provide longer-lasting immunity compared to other vaccine types.
Question 2 of 5
During data collection, the nurse learns the patient is allergic to shellfish. Which precautions should be implemented during the patient's hospitalization?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: 1. The correct answer is D because it addresses the essential action of noting the patient's allergy on the medical record and communicating it to all caretakers to prevent inadvertent exposure. 2. Choice A is not necessary unless the patient's allergy poses an infection control risk that warrants isolation. 3. Choice B is excessive and not required as long as cross-contamination is prevented during food preparation. 4. Choice C is unrelated to the patient's shellfish allergy and not a standard precaution in this scenario.
Question 3 of 5
Who accidentally identified the antimicrobial action of penicillin?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Alexander Fleming. Fleming discovered the antimicrobial action of penicillin in 1928 through his experiment with Staphylococcus bacteria. He noticed that mold from a contaminated petri dish inhibited the growth of the bacteria. Robert Koch (A) is known for his work in identifying specific bacteria causing diseases. Richard Petri (B) is not a known figure in the field of microbiology. Louis Pasteur (D) is famous for his germ theory and pasteurization, but he did not discover penicillin's antimicrobial action. Therefore, based on historical evidence and Fleming's specific contribution to microbiology, choice C is the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
Which of these are a type of mutation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: recombination. Recombination is a type of mutation that involves the exchange of genetic material between two DNA molecules. This process can lead to genetic variation and evolution. Base substitution (A) is a point mutation where one base is replaced by another. Translocation (B) involves the movement of a segment of DNA to another location in the genome. Insertion sequences (C) are short segments of DNA that can move within the genome but are not considered a type of mutation. Recombination (D) is the only choice directly related to a type of mutation involving the exchange of genetic material.
Question 5 of 5
The Calvin cycle:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Calvin cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplasts during photosynthesis. It occurs in the dark phase (without direct light requirement), making choice D correct. Choice A is incorrect because the Calvin cycle is a C3 pathway, not C5. Choice B is incorrect because not all photoautotrophic microorganisms use the Calvin cycle; some use alternative pathways. Choice C is incorrect because C4 pathway is a different photosynthetic pathway that occurs in certain plants to minimize photorespiration.