Which of the following is an effect of regular ambulation?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Improved circulation. Regular ambulation, or walking, helps to increase blood flow throughout the body, which in turn enhances circulation. This is beneficial for overall health as it improves oxygen and nutrient delivery to tissues and organs. Increased circulation also helps in removing waste products and toxins from the body. Choice A: Decreased sleep - Regular ambulation is not directly linked to decreased sleep. In fact, physical activity can promote better sleep quality. Choice C: Reduced oxygen level - Regular ambulation actually increases oxygen levels in the body due to improved circulation. Choice D: Slower elimination - Regular ambulation can actually aid in promoting regular bowel movements and faster elimination due to the movement stimulating the digestive system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Urostomy. This surgical procedure diverts the passage of urine by creating a stoma through the abdominal wall to allow urine to exit the body. Colostomy (A) diverts feces, Ileostomy (B) diverts small intestine contents, and Gastrostomy (D) creates an opening for feeding tube placement. Urostomy specifically addresses diverting urine flow.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Continuous bladder irrigation. This procedure involves continuously flushing the bladder with a sterile solution to prevent blood clot formation and maintain catheter patency post-surgery. It helps in monitoring urine output and preventing urinary retention. A: Indwelling catheter care involves routine maintenance of the catheter but does not involve continuous flushing. B: Straight catheterization is a one-time procedure to empty the bladder, not for continuous flushing. D: Bladder retraining is a process to improve bladder control, not related to post-operative catheter care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gangrene. Gangrene refers to the death of body tissue due to a lack of blood supply or infection. Eczema (choice A) is a skin condition characterized by inflammation and itching, not tissue death. Hematoma (choice B) is a localized collection of blood outside blood vessels and does not involve tissue death. Psoriasis (choice D) is a chronic skin condition characterized by red, itchy, and scaly patches, but it does not involve tissue death. Therefore, the correct choice is Gangrene as it specifically refers to the death of tissue.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Trachea. The trachea is an air passage that connects the pharynx to the bronchi, allowing air to pass into the lungs. The epiglottis (A) is a flap of tissue that covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway. Sphincter (C) refers to a ring-like muscle that controls the opening and closing of a passage, not specifically related to the airway. Ventricle (D) is a term used to describe a chamber within an organ, such as the heart, and is not part of the respiratory system.