Which of the following is an effect of regular ambulation?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Improved circulation. Regular ambulation, or walking, helps to increase blood flow throughout the body, enhancing circulation. This can lead to various benefits such as better oxygen and nutrient delivery to tissues, improved waste removal, and reduced risk of blood clots. Increased circulation also promotes overall cardiovascular health. Choice A (Decreased sleep) is incorrect as regular ambulation can actually improve sleep quality by promoting relaxation and reducing stress. Choice C (Reduced oxygen level) is incorrect because improved circulation from ambulation helps to increase oxygen levels in the body. Choice D (Slower elimination) is incorrect as physical activity like walking can aid in digestion and promote regular bowel movements, leading to faster elimination of waste.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Urostomy. A urostomy is a surgical procedure that diverts the passage of urine from the bladder to a stoma on the abdomen. It is typically done when the bladder is not functioning properly. A colostomy (A) diverts the passage of feces, not urine. An ileostomy (B) diverts the passage of feces from the ileum. A gastrostomy (D) is a surgical opening into the stomach for feeding purposes, not for diverting urine.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Continuous bladder irrigation. Following surgery, continuous bladder irrigation is typically ordered to flush out a urinary catheter and prevent blockages or infections. This process involves a continuous flow of sterile solution into the bladder through the catheter. The solution helps to keep the catheter clear and maintain urinary drainage. A: Indwelling catheter care involves routine maintenance and cleaning of the catheter but does not involve flushing out the catheter with a continuous flow of solution. B: Straight catheterization is a one-time procedure to drain the bladder and is not used for continuous flushing of the catheter. D: Bladder retraining is a technique used to improve bladder control and does not involve flushing out a urinary catheter.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gangrene. Gangrene refers to the death of body tissue due to a lack of blood supply or bacterial infection. Eczema (choice A) is a skin condition characterized by inflammation and itching, not tissue death. Hematoma (choice B) is a collection of blood outside of blood vessels. Psoriasis (choice D) is a chronic autoimmune skin condition, not related to tissue death. Therefore, the term "gangrene" specifically describes the death of tissue, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Trachea. The trachea is an air passage that connects the pharynx to the bronchi, allowing air to pass into the lungs. The epiglottis (choice A) is a flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing. Sphincter (choice C) refers to a ring-like muscle that controls the opening and closing of a passage, not an air passage itself. Ventricle (choice D) is a term used in the context of the heart for one of the chambers that pumps blood, not related to the air passage.