ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) from the anterior pituitary stimulates thyroid hormone release, regulating metabolism. ADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin, made in the hypothalamus, are stored/released by the posterior pituitary, managing water and lactation. Cortisol, an adrenal cortex glucocorticoid, responds to anterior pituitary ACTH, not a pituitary hormone itself. TSH's anterior origin and tropic role distinguish it, essential for pituitary-thyroid axis, unlike posterior or target gland products.
Question 2 of 5
What happens during Simmond's disease?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Simmond's disease, panhypopituitarism, results from pituitary damage (e.g., infarction), reducing hormone output, causing low stimulation of target glands (thyroid, adrenals, gonads). Excess GH is gigantism, renal ADH issues are diabetes insipidus, and prolactin excess is hyperprolactinemia. Low target gland activity distinguishes Simmond's, key to multi-hormone deficiency, contrasting with excess or renal disorders.
Question 3 of 5
In the pancreas, which are the cells that secrete insulin, decrease the blood levels of glucose.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Beta cells in pancreatic islets secrete insulin, lowering blood glucose by driving cellular uptake and glycogen storage. Delta cells release somatostatin, inhibiting other hormones. Alpha cells produce glucagon, raising glucose. 'Gamma' isn't a pancreatic cell type possibly a typo (Q4 lists 'beta' twice). Beta cells' insulin role distinguishes them, critical for glucose homeostasis, unlike inhibitory or glucose-elevating cells.
Question 4 of 5
Which gland controls basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The thyroid controls BMR via T3/T4, increasing cellular energy use, setting resting metabolism. Parathyroid regulates calcium (PTH), not BMR. Testes produce testosterone, affecting muscle, not baseline metabolism. Pancreas (insulin/glucagon) manages glucose, not BMR directly. Thyroid's metabolic dominance distinguishes it, critical for energy homeostasis, unlike calcium, sex, or glucose regulators.
Question 5 of 5
Calcitonin is a hormone of which of following:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Calcitonin, from thyroid C-cells, lowers blood calcium by bone deposition, countering PTH. Adrenal cortex produces steroids (e.g., cortisol), not calcitonin. Pituitary regulates via TSH, not secreting calcitonin. Thymus releases thymosin for immunity. Thyroid's calcitonin role distinguishes it, key to calcium balance, unlike adrenal, pituitary, or immune glands.