ATI RN
Genitourinary Review of Systems Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is a substance that the kidneys remove from the blood during filtration?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Salts. During filtration in the kidneys, salts (such as sodium, potassium, and chloride) are removed from the blood to maintain proper electrolyte balance. Carbon dioxide (A) is primarily eliminated through respiration, not filtration by the kidneys. Oxygen (C) is essential for cellular respiration and is not typically removed by the kidneys. Red blood cells (D) are not filtered out by the kidneys unless there is a medical condition affecting the kidneys' function. Thus, the correct answer is B as salts are one of the key substances removed during kidney filtration to regulate electrolyte levels in the body.
Question 2 of 5
During the examination of a full-term newborn male, a finding requiring investigation would be:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Absent testes. In a full-term newborn male, the absence of testes is a concerning finding that requires immediate investigation to rule out conditions like undescended testes or any underlying genetic abnormalities. This is crucial for ensuring normal development and future fertility. The other choices are incorrect because: B: Meatus centered at the tip of the penis is a normal finding in a full-term newborn. C: Wrinkled scrotum is a common and normal variation in newborns and does not typically require immediate investigation. D: Penis 2 to 3 cm in length is within the expected range for a full-term newborn and is not a cause for concern.
Question 3 of 5
The drug of choice for monilial diarrhea is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why Nystatin is the correct choice for monilial diarrhea: 1. Nystatin is an antifungal medication specifically effective against Candida species causing monilial infections. 2. It works by binding to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes, disrupting membrane integrity and causing cell death. 3. Nystatin is not absorbed systemically, making it suitable for gastrointestinal infections. 4. Amphothericin B is reserved for severe systemic fungal infections due to its significant toxicity. Ketoconazole and Itraconazole are not typically used for gastrointestinal Candida infections, as they are more commonly used for systemic fungal infections.
Question 4 of 5
The following drug may cure typhoid fever, but does not prevent development of carrier state:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Chloramphenicol is effective in curing typhoid fever by targeting the bacteria causing the infection. 2. However, chloramphenicol does not effectively eradicate the bacteria from the carrier state. 3. Ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and cotrimoxazole are also effective in treating typhoid fever but do not specifically target the carrier state. 4. Therefore, the correct answer is D, Chloramphenicol, as it cures typhoid fever but does not prevent the carrier state.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following cephalosporins has in vitro activity against anaerobic gram negative bacteria such as Bacteroides fragilis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cefuroxime. Cefuroxime is a second-generation cephalosporin that has demonstrated in vitro activity against anaerobic gram-negative bacteria like Bacteroides fragilis. This is due to its broader spectrum of activity compared to other choices. A: Cefdinir is a third-generation cephalosporin with limited activity against anaerobic gram-negative bacteria. C: Cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin primarily effective against aerobic gram-positive bacteria. D: Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin with limited activity against anaerobic gram-negative bacteria.