Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Depression. Depression is a strong predictor of functional decline in older adults because it can lead to decreased motivation, social withdrawal, and physical symptoms that affect daily activities. Depression is also associated with cognitive impairment, which can further impact functioning. Being physically active (A) and high socioeconomic status (B) are generally positive factors for maintaining function. Advanced age (C) alone is not a strong predictor of functional decline compared to depression.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because measuring gait speed, grip strength, and weight loss are key components of assessing frailty in older adults. Gait speed reflects physical function, grip strength indicates muscle weakness, and unintentional weight loss signifies nutritional deficits, all of which are common indicators of frailty. Evaluating cognitive decline and social isolation (choice A) is important but not specific to frailty assessment. Presence of depression and anxiety (choice C) may contribute to frailty but do not directly assess it. Monitoring hydration and electrolyte levels (choice D) is important for overall health but not specific to frailty assessment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C - Maintain blood pressure below 120/70 mm Hg. Rationale: 1. Older African American individuals are at higher risk for hypertension. 2. African American men have a higher prevalence of hypertension compared to other demographic groups. 3. Hypertension is a common health issue among Jamaican individuals. 4. Keeping blood pressure below 120/70 mm Hg helps prevent complications like stroke and heart disease. Summary: A. Attributing illness to voodoo is culturally inappropriate and lacks evidence-based practice. B. Improving social relationships may be beneficial but is not directly related to the man's health needs. D. Reviewing magicoreligious systems is not relevant to addressing the man's health issues like hypertension.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Providing palliative care focused on symptom management and comfort. This is the most appropriate intervention for an older adult with advanced heart failure as it prioritizes quality of life by focusing on alleviating symptoms and ensuring comfort. High-dose diuretics (choice A) may lead to electrolyte imbalances and worsen the patient's condition. Initiating aggressive cardiac surgery (choice C) may be too risky and invasive for an older adult with advanced heart failure. Enforcing strict bed rest (choice D) can lead to deconditioning and muscle wasting, further compromising the patient's quality of life.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because consistent routines and environmental modifications have been shown to be the most effective approach in reducing agitation and aggression in older adults with dementia. This approach focuses on providing structure and familiarity, which can help decrease confusion and anxiety in individuals with dementia. Physical restraints (A) are not recommended as they can lead to further agitation and pose risks of injury. Increased sedation with antipsychotics (B) should be used as a last resort due to potential side effects and risks. Ignoring the behavior (D) is not appropriate as it can exacerbate the situation and lead to further distress for the individual.