Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A family history of breast cancer is a known risk factor for the development of ovarian cancer. Individuals with a close relative (such as a mother, sister, or daughter) who has had breast cancer have a higher risk of developing ovarian cancer. This increased risk is due to shared genetic factors that can predispose individuals to both breast and ovarian cancers. Therefore, having a family history of breast cancer is an important risk factor to consider in the assessment of ovarian cancer risk.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a premalignant condition of the cervix that is characterized by the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types. HPV infection is a major risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. CIN is typically detected on routine cervical screening tests such as Pap smears or HPV testing. If left untreated, CIN can progress to invasive cervical cancer. Therefore, the presence of high-risk HPV types in CIN lesions indicates an increased risk of developing cervical cancer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The initial action the nurse should take when faced with a situation where a patient refuses to take medication after education and explanation is to notify the physician. The physician may need to be informed so they can reassess the medication and potentially explore alternative options or make adjustments based on the patient's concerns and preferences. It is important for medical decisions to be made in collaboration with the healthcare team to ensure the best care for the patient. Consulting the physician also helps in avoiding any potential negative outcomes resulting from the patient's refusal to take the prescribed medication. Once the physician is aware, further actions can be discussed and implemented to address the patient's concerns.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A nurse should wear sterile gloves and a surgical mask during a lumbar puncture procedure to maintain procedural asepsis. Sterile gloves help prevent contamination of the procedure site and reduce the risk of introducing microorganisms to the puncture site. Surgical masks help minimize the risk of respiratory secretions contaminating the sterile field, which is essential for maintaining asepsis during the procedure. Additionally, proper hand hygiene before and after the procedure is crucial in preventing the spread of infection.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: To create personal time as a nurse with rotating shifts, it is important to prioritize personal well-being and make time for oneself. By eliminating tasks that add no value, nurses can streamline their workload and focus on essential responsibilities. This can help in reducing unnecessary stress and allowing for more personal time outside of work. Delegating work to others and filling every moment with tasks or chores may not necessarily create personal time, as it can keep nurses constantly busy and overwhelmed. Hiring someone else to do the work may not always be feasible or practical in a nursing setting, but by eliminating non-essential tasks, nurses can better manage their time and have more opportunities for personal activities and self-care.