Which of the following is a normal age-related change of the integumentary system?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because as we age, the skin undergoes natural changes such as thinning and becoming more fragile. This is due to a decrease in collagen production and a reduction in the skin's ability to retain moisture. Thinning skin makes the elderly more susceptible to injuries and skin tears. A: Amount of fat and collagen increases - This is incorrect as aging leads to a decrease in collagen production and loss of fat in the skin. B: Pressure injuries occur - While pressure injuries can be common in older adults, it is not a normal age-related change of the integumentary system. C: Hair thickens - Hair thinning or loss is more common with age, not thickening. In summary, the normal age-related change of the integumentary system is skin becoming thinner and more fragile due to decreased collagen and moisture retention.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Open fracture. An open fracture, also known as a compound fracture, occurs when the skin is broken, and the bone may protrude through the skin. This is a serious injury with a high risk of infection. Closed fractures (A) do not involve an open wound. Greenstick fractures (C) occur in children when the bone partially breaks but does not completely separate. Compression fractures (D) typically involve the collapse of a bone due to compression forces and do not involve an open wound. Thus, the presence of an open wound and the potential exposure of bone make an open fracture the correct choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mark the bathroom with a sign or picture. This is important because individuals with Alzheimer's disease may have difficulty recognizing familiar surroundings, leading to confusion and accidents. By marking the bathroom with a sign or picture, the resident can easily identify the location and purpose of the room, reducing the likelihood of accidents. A: Withholding fluids is not appropriate as it can lead to dehydration and other health issues. B: Dimming the bathroom lights may further confuse the resident and increase the risk of accidents. D: The answer choice is incomplete, so it cannot be evaluated for correctness. In summary, marking the bathroom with a sign or picture is the best choice as it helps the resident with Alzheimer's disease navigate the environment safely and independently.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it is a well-documented fact that the immune system tends to weaken with age, leading to decreased effectiveness in fighting off infections and diseases. This decline is due to factors such as thymus shrinkage and decreased T-cell function. Antibody response speeding up (B) and increased T-cells (C) are not typical age-related changes. Response to vaccines increasing (D) is also unlikely as older individuals usually have a weakened immune response to vaccines.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Intubation. Intubation is the process of inserting a tube into the airway to help with breathing. It is a specific procedure used to secure an artificial airway for patients who are unable to maintain their own airway. Telemetry (A) is a method of monitoring and transmitting data wirelessly, not related to airway insertion. Ventilation (C) refers to the movement of air in and out of the lungs, not the method of inserting an artificial airway. Dyspnea (D) is a term used to describe difficulty breathing, not the method of inserting an artificial airway.