Which of the following is a major Modified Duke infective endocarditis criterion

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The Modified Duke criteria include positive blood cultures for typical organisms (such as Staph aureus) as a major diagnostic criterion for infective endocarditis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Severe aortic stenosis impairs cardiac output, leading to reduced perfusion and obstructive shock, unlike conditions like myocarditis or dehydration.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Foods are less commonly associated with angioedema without urticaria compared to ACE inhibitors, hereditary angioedema, and insect stings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cystic fibrosis presents with chronic respiratory symptoms, pancreatic insufficiency leading to malabsorption, and growth failure. It is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene leading to thick mucus production affecting multiple organ systems.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Kawasaki disease is diagnosed based on fever for ≥5 days and at least four of five criteria, including bilateral bulbar conjunctival injection without exudate.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The safe correction rate for hypernatremia is no more than 12 mmol/L per 24 hours to prevent cerebral edema caused by rapid osmotic shifts.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Arsine gas causes massive hemolysis due to red blood cell destruction, leading to anemia and hemoglobinuria.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: True umbilical cord knots are more likely to occur with long cords and are not associated with short cords. The other conditions can increase the risk of cord knots.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rumination disorder does not always resolve spontaneously; it often requires intervention such as behavioral therapy. Additionally, while neglect may contribute, it is not the sole cause.